An impact-driven apparatus and method to achieve triboluminescence of homochiral API crystals as a measurement tool for rapidly assessing the presence of trace crystallinity within nominally amorphous pharmaceutical powders. The apparatus may include a kinetic energy director and two plates which hold a sample for testing. The triboluminescence may also be achieve by an acoustic transducer.

A nanoparticle sensor apparatus includes a silicon-based nanoparticle having a centrosymmetric crystalline structure. A lanthanide atom embedded within the silicon-based nanoparticle provides light emission when the sensor apparatus undergoes pressure loading. This sensor apparatus may be encapsulated in a polymer matrix to form a nanoparticle sensor matrix apparatus which may be located on or in a structure. To measure the pressure on such a structure, a UV light source illuminates the sensor apparatus. An optical emission detector detects the intensity of light emitted from the sensor in response, while a processor correlates that intensity to the pressure loading.

A nanoparticle sensor apparatus includes a silicon-based nanoparticle having a centrosymmetric crystalline structure. A lanthanide atom embedded within the silicon-based nanoparticle provides light emission when the sensor apparatus undergoes pressure loading. This sensor apparatus may be encapsulated in a polymer matrix to form a nanoparticle sensor matrix apparatus which may be located on or in a structure. To measure the pressure on such a structure, a UV light source illuminates the sensor apparatus. An optical emission detector detects the intensity of light emitted from the sensor in response, while a processor correlates that intensity to the pressure loading.

A strain amount calculation system includes an imaging unit, and a strain amount calculation device that acquires an image taken by the imaging unit, measures luminescent brightness from the acquired image, calculates an amount of strain on the object caused by a load on the object, based on a temporal change in the measured luminescent brightness, and outputs information on the calculated strain amount.

A strain amount calculation system includes an imaging unit, and a strain amount calculation device that acquires an image taken by the imaging unit, measures luminescent brightness from the acquired image, calculates an amount of strain on the object caused by a load on the object, based on a temporal change in the measured luminescent brightness, and outputs information on the calculated strain amount.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for remotely and non-invasively subjecting targeted biological structures with light emissions or chromogenic changes.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for remotely and non-invasively subjecting targeted biological structures with light emissions or chromogenic changes.

A hyper-velocity impact sensor including an optical fiber probe that transmits an optical pulse generated during impact with an object, a spectroscopic analyzer that receives the optical pulse and produces spectral information about the optical pulse, a connecting optical fiber configured to convey the optical pulse between the optical fiber probe and the spectroscopic analyzer, and at least one processor coupled to the spectroscopic analyzer and configured to receive and analyze the spectral information to determine at least one chemical element or compound contained in the object.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED

Under conventional methods, calculation for determining the extent of damage progression inside a structural body by computation is difficult to apply in actual practice, and also time consuming. In addition, detection of damage occurring in objects with complicated shapes or infinitesimal damage is particularly difficult.

SOLUTION

When pressure applied from one surface of an object to be measured to another surface thereof is pressurized or depressurized, the distance d1 between two distorted sections R1, R2 due to damage formed on the other surface S, is detected and the extent of the said damage progression is measured.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED

Under conventional methods, calculation for determining the extent of damage progression inside a structural body by computation is difficult to apply in actual practice, and also time consuming. In addition, detection of damage occurring in objects with complicated shapes or infinitesimal damage is particularly difficult.

SOLUTION

When pressure applied from one surface of an object to be measured to another surface thereof is pressurized or depressurized, the distance d1 between two distorted sections R1, R2 due to damage formed on the other surface S, is detected and the extent of the said damage progression is measured.