Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to a colorimetric system for detecting a substance, the colorimetric system that includes a first chemical container adapted for releasing a first chemical; a second chemical container adapted for releasing a second chemical; a flow modulation sheet adjacent each chemical container; and an encapsulation covering the flow modulation sheet and each chemical container, where the encapsulation comprises a window defining a target area of the filter paper such that the target area is adapted for applying the substance; where the flow modulation sheet comprises a design adapted for automatically controlling a first flow of the first chemical and a second flow of the second chemical to the target area after simultaneously releasing the first and second chemicals; and where the design comprises a first void disposed in the flow modulation sheet.

Methods and systems are described for quantifying peroxyacid in a fluid by using spectrophotometry. Peroxyacid in the fluid is reacted with an iodide reagent and the absorbance of the reaction solution is measured. The absorbance can be measured at or near the isosbectic wavelength of iodine and triiodide, and the assay is useful to quantify peroxyacid that is present at high levels in fluids.

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to a colorimetric system for detecting a substance, the colorimetric system that includes a first chemical container adapted for releasing a first chemical; a second chemical container adapted for releasing a second chemical; a flow modulation sheet adjacent each chemical container; and an encapsulation covering the flow modulation sheet and each chemical container, where the encapsulation comprises a window defining a target area of the filter paper such that the target area is adapted for applying the substance; where the flow modulation sheet comprises a design adapted for automatically controlling a first flow of the first chemical and a second flow of the second chemical to the target area after simultaneously releasing the first and second chemicals; and where the design comprises a first void disposed in the flow modulation sheet.

In a method for measuring luminescence of a biological sample utilizing two different luminescence reagents, the sample is agitated to improve mixing with the second luminescence reagent, allowing for a shorter delay time between injection of the second reagent and measurement of the resulting luminescence activity. The improved mixing may also allow for a shorter measurement time, thereby improving throughput when assaying a large number of samples.

A sampling system for an optical cell containing a process fluid comprises a first bi-directional pump in fluid communication with a sampling path and a second bi-directional pump in fluid communication with the first bi-directional pump and a storage vessel. The first bi-directional pump is configured to withdraw a first sample of the process fluid and to cause the first sample to flow towards the first bi-directional pump. The second bi-directional pump is configured to withdraw a second sample from the storage vessel and to cause the second sample to move toward and mix with the first sample. A first rate of withdraw of the first sample is greater than a second rate of movement of the second sample toward the first sample, and the difference between the first rate and the second rate correspond to a pre-determined ratio of the first sample mixed with the second sample.

An in-situ analyzer for a nutritive salt includes an injector, a calorimetric detector (11), a mixing ring (12), a sample pipeline, a pure water bin, a standard solution bin and various reagent bins of the analyzer which are correspondingly connected to ports of a multi-way valve (5). A microprocessor is connected to a first motor driver and a first motor in turn, and then connected to an injection pump (6) of the injector. The microprocessor is connected to a second motor driver and a second motor in turn, and then connected to the multi-way valve (5) for controlling one port in the multi-way valve connected to the injector to be in respective and corresponding communication with other ports in the multi-way valve (5). The colorimetric detector (11) is connected with the microprocessor.

In an embodiment, an optical system comprises an optical cell having an interior fluid chamber defined by an interior surface of a housing, a process inlet disposed in the housing and in fluid communication with the interior fluid chamber, and a process outlet disposed in the housing and in fluid communication with the interior fluid chamber, wherein the process inlet and process outlet facilitate the flow of a fluid through the interior fluid chamber. A sampling outlet can be disposed in the housing and in fluid communication with the interior fluid chamber. A first bi-directional pump can be in fluid communication with the sampling outlet and a first storage vessel and can be configured to withdraw a first sample of the fluid via the sampling outlet and to cause the first sample to flow into the first storage vessel.

Raman analysis apparatus capable of real-time Raman analysis while performing an experiment under elevated temperature and pressure conditions in surface or material property analysis of a powder solid sample, a single-crystal sample, a high-concentration liquid sample, or the like may be provided.

Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to a colorimetric system for detecting a substance, the colorimetric system that includes a first chemical container adapted for releasing a first chemical; a second chemical container adapted for releasing a second chemical; a flow modulation sheet adjacent each chemical container; and an encapsulation covering the flow modulation sheet and each chemical container, where the encapsulation comprises a window defining a target area of the filter paper such that the target area is adapted for applying the substance; where the flow modulation sheet comprises a design adapted for automatically controlling a first flow of the first chemical and a second flow of the second chemical to the target area after simultaneously releasing the first and second chemicals; and where the design comprises a first void disposed in the flow modulation sheet.

Systems for quantifying one or more target analyte concentrations in a process solution are provided and can be used, for example, in methods for quantifying a target analyte concentration. These systems and methods include continuous and batchwise automated titration methods that use titration chemistries to measure the target analyte concentration in the process solution using a multiwavelength detector. The methods provide for efficient and robust automated titration methods for a variety of target analytes and can include methods that analyze more than one analyte and that provide for a dynamic range for measurement of more than one target analyte concentration.