A method for determining a concentration of an isotope in a fluid, the isotope absorbing neutrons, the method comprising placing a plurality of neutron detectors at various distances from the fluid; irradiating the fluid by a neutron-emitting source, the latter being placed so that emitted neutrons pass through the fluid before reaching the detectors; measuring, by each detector, a quantity representative of an amount of neutrons reaching the detector; and based on the measurements resulting from the measuring, estimating a concentration of the isotope in the fluid. Further, the estimating step includes taking into account a database containing an estimate of the quantity measured by each detector and based on the database, and on the measurements resulting from the measuring step, estimating the concentration of the isotope in the fluid.

This application provides a battery wetting state detection method and apparatus, a device, a system, and a medium and pertains to the field of battery technologies. The detection method may include: obtaining a three-dimensional tomographic image of a battery through neutron imaging; and determining a wetting state of the battery based on the three-dimensional tomographic image.

A system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a generator-detector configured to be attached to a pipe. The generator-detector is configured to measure the concentration of mercury in the pipe in a non-destructive manner. A method is also disclosed.

Various embodiments include apparatus and methods to conduct neutron-neutron measurements and to evaluate quality of cement between a casing and a formation. A tool can include a neutron source, a far detector, and a near detector, where the far detector and the near detector detect neutrons in response to activation of the neutron source. Measured counts of the detected neutrons can be compared with respect to expected counts of neutrons. From one or more comparisons, the quality of the cement can be evaluated. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

A system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a generator-detector configured to be attached to a pipe. The generator-detector is configured to measure the concentration of mercury in the pipe in a non-destructive manner. A method is also disclosed.

A method of capturing and analyzing information for a particle detection system comprises generating a reaction to a plurality of particles using a converter material, wherein the converter material is operable to interact with the plurality of particles. The method further comprises converting a response to the reaction to an electrical signal using a plurality of sensors, wherein the converter material is operable to be coated onto the plurality of sensors, and wherein each of the plurality of sensors comprises an array of discrete pixel sensors each with a respective (x,y) coordinate within the array. Further, the method comprises processing the electrical signal to generate data regarding each pixel on the array of discrete pixels and serializing the data collected from the plurality of sensors and transmitting the data over thin cables to a processing unit that is located at a separate and remote location from the plurality of sensors.

A sensor for detecting particles is presented comprises a silicon wafer substrate and a charge detection layer mounted on the silicon wafer substrate, wherein the charge detection layer comprises a plurality of discrete pixel sensors. The sensor further comprises a converter material, wherein the converter material is operable to interact with a first type of particle to generate a reaction, wherein the reaction produces charged particles, wherein the charge detection layer is configured to detect the charged particles produced by the reaction. Further, the sensor comprises a substrate layer operable to filter a second type of particle, wherein the converter material is coated on an underside of the substrate layer such that the converter material faces the charge detection layer and an air gap is formed between the converter material and the charge detection layer.

A computer implemented method of detecting neutrons in images from a tunable sensor system comprises training a deep learning process to recognize known radiation-dependent signature patterns created by neutrons in test images. The method further comprises splitting an input image into a plurality of frames and passing the plurality of frames through the deep learning process in order to recognize neutrons in the plurality of frames. Subsequently, the method comprises recombining the plurality of frames back into the input image. For each pixel within the input image, the method comprises examining pixels connected to a respective pixel to determine if a signature pattern particular to neutrons is present within the input image and counting a number of neutrons within the input image using results from the examining.

Disclosed is a nondestructive inspection system includes: a radiation source system generating different types of radiations and irradiating the generated different types of radiations toward an inspection object; a detector system detecting each of the radiations transmitted through the inspection object; a transfer system varying a position of the inspection object such that the radiations generated by the radiation source system are irradiated to the inspection object; and an image system generating an image regarding the inspection object on the basis of a detection result from the detector system, wherein the radiation source system comprises: an electron gun generating an electron beam; an electron accelerator accelerating the electron beam generated by the electron gun; and a target system selectively generating at least one of various types of radiations according to variables when the electron beam accelerated by the electron accelerator is irradiated thereto.

In a general aspect, the spin angular momentum of a neutron wave packet is coupled with the orbital angular momentum of the neutron wave packet. In some instances, an initial state of a neutron wave packet is generated. The neutron wave packet in the initial state has a spin angular momentum that is polarized in an axial direction. The neutron wave packet is directed through a quadrupole magnetic field that couples the spin angular momentum of the neutron wave packet with an orbital angular momentum of the neutron wave packet. A spin-orbit state of the neutron wave packet is produced from the quadrupole magnetic field.