A double capsule assembly includes an outer capsule and an inner capsule configured to be positioned within the outer capsule. The inner capsule is configured to have a sample positioned therein. The double capsule assembly is configured to be placed in a solid media assembly to analyze or synthesize the sample.

Method, apparatus, system, and computer program product for inspecting a joining feature on an object. A portable housing with an x-ray system is moved along the joining feature on the object. The x-ray system is controlled to direct an x-ray beam through an opening in the portable housing to scan an area of the object containing the joining feature as the portable housing moves along the joining feature on the object. Sensor data generated from a backscatter detected by a sensor system is received. The backscatter is generated in response to the x-ray beam encountering the area of the object including the joining feature. A determination is made as to whether an inconsistency is present in the area of the object including the joining feature using the sensor data.

Method, apparatus, system, and computer program product for inspecting a joining feature on an object. A portable housing with an x-ray system is moved along the joining feature on the object. The x-ray system is controlled to direct an x-ray beam through an opening in the portable housing to scan an area of the object containing the joining feature as the portable housing moves along the joining feature on the object. Sensor data generated from a backscatter detected by a sensor system is received. The backscatter is generated in response to the x-ray beam encountering the area of the object including the joining feature. A determination is made as to whether an inconsistency is present in the area of the object including the joining feature using the sensor data.

Disclosed herein is an x-ray backscatter apparatus for non-destructive inspection of a part. The x-ray backscatter apparatus comprises an x-ray source and an x-ray filter. The x-ray filter comprises a plurality of emission apertures and a detection aperture. The x-ray backscatter apparatus further comprises an x-ray intensity sensor that is fixed to the x-ray filter over the detection aperture such that any portion of an unfiltered x-ray emission filtered into the detection aperture is detected by the x-ray intensity sensor. The x-ray backscatter apparatus additionally comprises an emission alignment adjuster that is operable to adjust a position of the unfiltered x-ray emission relative to the plurality of emission apertures and the detection aperture in response to a position, relative to the detection aperture, of a peak intensity of the unfiltered x-ray emission passing into the detection aperture, detected by the x-ray intensity sensor.

Disclosed herein is an x-ray backscatter apparatus for non-destructive inspection of a part. The x-ray backscatter apparatus comprises an x-ray source and an x-ray filter. The x-ray filter comprises a plurality of emission apertures and a detection aperture. The x-ray backscatter apparatus further comprises an x-ray intensity sensor that is fixed to the x-ray filter over the detection aperture such that any portion of an unfiltered x-ray emission filtered into the detection aperture is detected by the x-ray intensity sensor. The x-ray backscatter apparatus additionally comprises an emission alignment adjuster that is operable to adjust a position of the unfiltered x-ray emission relative to the plurality of emission apertures and the detection aperture in response to a position, relative to the detection aperture, of a peak intensity of the unfiltered x-ray emission passing into the detection aperture, detected by the x-ray intensity sensor.

An x-ray system, comprising: a backscatter detector, comprising: an x-ray conversion material; a plurality of sensors configured to generate electrical signals in combination with the x-ray conversion material in response to incident x-rays; and a collimator disposed on the x-ray conversion material and including a plurality of partitions extending away from the x-ray conversion material and the sensors and forming a plurality of openings, each opening corresponding to one of the sensors.

An x-ray system, comprising: a backscatter detector, comprising: an x-ray conversion material; a plurality of sensors configured to generate electrical signals in combination with the x-ray conversion material in response to incident x-rays; and a collimator disposed on the x-ray conversion material and including a plurality of partitions extending away from the x-ray conversion material and the sensors and forming a plurality of openings, each opening corresponding to one of the sensors.

Methods, systems, and computer program products for determining a property of construction material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge operable to determine a property of construction material is disclosed. The gauge may include an electromagnetic sensor operable to measure a response of construction material to an electromagnetic field. Further, the electromagnetic sensor may be operable to produce a signal representing the measured response by the construction material to the electromagnetic field. An acoustic detector may be operable to detect a response of the construction material to the acoustical energy. Further, the acoustic detector may be operable to produce a signal representing the detected response by the construction material to the acoustical energy. A material property calculation function may be configured to calculate a property value associated with the construction material based upon the signals produced by the electromagnetic sensor and the acoustic detector.

Methods, systems, and computer program products for determining a property of construction material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge operable to determine a property of construction material is disclosed. The gauge may include an electromagnetic sensor operable to measure a response of construction material to an electromagnetic field. Further, the electromagnetic sensor may be operable to produce a signal representing the measured response by the construction material to the electromagnetic field. An acoustic detector may be operable to detect a response of the construction material to the acoustical energy. Further, the acoustic detector may be operable to produce a signal representing the detected response by the construction material to the acoustical energy. A material property calculation function may be configured to calculate a property value associated with the construction material based upon the signals produced by the electromagnetic sensor and the acoustic detector.

Charged particle assessment tools and inspection methods are disclosed. In one arrangement, a condenser lens array divides a beam of charged particles into a plurality of sub-beams. Each sub-beam is focused to a respective intermediate focus. Objective lenses downstream from the intermediate foci project sub-beams from the condenser lens array onto a sample. A path of each sub-beam is substantially a straight line from each condenser lens to a corresponding objective lens.