A method and system for calibrating a PET scanner are described. The PET scanner may have a field of view (FOV) and multiple detector rings. A detector ring may have multiple detector units. A line of response (LOR) connecting a first detector unit and a second detector unit of the PET scanner may be determined. The LOR may correlate to coincidence events resulting from annihilation of positrons emitted by a radiation source. A first time of flight (TOF) of the LOR may be calculated based on the coincidence events. The position of the radiation source may be determined. A second TOF of the LOR may be calculated based on the position of the radiation source. A time offset may be calculated based on the first TOF and the second TOF. The first detector unit and the second detector unit may be calibrated based on the time offset.

An x-ray microscopy method that obtains a classification of different particles by distinguishing between different material phases through a combination of image processing involving morphological edge enhancement and possibly resolved absorption contrast differences between the phases along with optional wavelet filtering.

An x-ray microscopy method that obtains a classification of different particles by distinguishing between different material phases through a combination of image processing involving morphological edge enhancement and possibly resolved absorption contrast differences between the phases along with optional wavelet filtering.

Provided is a portable XRF data screening method for heavy metal contaminated soil, relating to the technical field of heavy metal contamination test. The method includes the following steps: (1) laboratory test; (2) XRF test; and (3) calculation of a recheck interval: dividing test data into four areas by a contaminant screening value X.sub.c as a horizontal line and a correlation-derived site screening value as a vertical line to calculate the recheck interval. The method is simple and efficient, and is beneficial to saving investigation costs and shortening a project cycle.

The present invention allows observation or capturing of a high-contrast image of a sample for which sufficient contrast cannot be obtained in bright-field observation, such as a wafer having a pattern with a small pattern height. According to the present invention, a sample is illuminated through an objective lens used for capturing an image, and an imaging optics are provided with an aperture filter so that an image is captured while light of bright-field observation components is significantly attenuated.

The present invention provides a method of deterioration analysis that enables detailed analysis of the deterioration, especially of the surface, of a polymer material containing at least two diene polymers. The present invention relates to a method of deterioration analysis including: irradiating a polymer material containing at least two diene polymers with high intensity x-rays; and measuring x-ray absorption while varying the energy of the x-rays, to analyze the deterioration of each diene polymer.

A method of X-ray analysis measures X-ray diffraction in transmission. In order to carry out quantitative measurements, a background measurement is taken slightly away from the diffraction peak and the ratio of measured intensities used to correct for variations in sample composition.

A geological analysis system, device, and method using x-ray fluorescence and spectroscopy are provided. The geological analysis system includes a sample tray which holds the geological sample materials, and sensors including an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) unit and spectrometer. The sample tray includes chambers formed in an upper surface, ports, and passages, each providing communication between an interior of a chamber and an interior of a port. The ports are configured to be attachable to vials. The system positions the sample tray with respect to the sensors for sensing one or more properties of geological sample materials in the sample tray.

A geological analysis system, device, and method using x-ray fluorescence and spectroscopy are provided. The geological analysis system includes a sample tray which holds the geological sample materials, and sensors including an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) unit and spectrometer. The sample tray includes chambers formed in an upper surface, ports, and passages, each providing communication between an interior of a chamber and an interior of a port. The ports are configured to be attachable to vials. The system positions the sample tray with respect to the sensors for sensing one or more properties of geological sample materials in the sample tray.

A detector includes a set of sensing elements, first section circuitry communicatively coupling a first set of sensing elements to an input of first signal processing circuitry, second section circuitry communicatively coupling a second set of sensing elements to an input of second signal processing circuitry, and interconnection circuitry communicatively coupling an output of the first signal processing circuitry to an output of the second signal processing circuitry. The interconnection circuitry may include an interconnection layer having interconnection switching elements communicatively coupled to outputs of analog signal paths of the detector. Interconnection switching elements may communicatively couple the outputs of adjacent analog signal paths. The detector may also include signal processing circuitry that includes a plurality of converters. The interconnection circuitry may be configured to selectively couple outputs of the first and second signal processing circuitry to the converters.