The disclosure relates to a method which is suitable for the quality control and signal correction of mass spectrometry data of biological tissue samples and is based on the analysis of the chemical background signal observed in a spectrum. It exploits the fact that the chemical background signal contains components from a plurality of polymer molecules, whose chemical structure has strong regularities. These regularities mean that the observed masses are subject to certain statistical distributions, which are each characteristic of the class of molecule. By analyzing these statistical properties, it is possible to detect and correct any mass shifts which may be present.

Computing systems and methods for characterizing a protein are provided. Each residue in a subset of the protein is in an amino acid type set and is represented by a vertex in a graph G formed from an atomic model of the protein. NMR data, acquired with some of the residues of the protein isotopically labeled, is used to form a graph H with each vertex representing a different residue of the protein and assigned one or more amino types. Placements of H onto G are formed, each including mappings assigning vertices in H to vertices in G subject to the constraints that vertices in H mapped to vertices in G cannot be of different amino acid types and edges between pairs of vertices in H must map to corresponding edges in G. For each vertex in H, the number of different valid mappings to G is determined by polling the placements as a constraint satisfaction problem and is deemed assigned when only a single unique assignment is identified.

The embodiments of the present application disclose a method and an apparatus for determining flow rates of components of multiphase fluid. The method comprises: performing a first magnetization treatment and a second magnetization treatment on multiphase fluid in a pipeline in a target oil and gas well, respectively, to obtain first magnetized multiphase fluid and second magnetized multiphase fluid; determining a first echo train signal set and a second echo train signal set corresponding to the first magnetized multiphase fluid and the second magnetized multiphase fluid, respectively; determining contents of an oil phase component, a water phase component, and a gas phase component of the multiphase fluid at a specified horizon position, and determining a flow velocity of the multiphase fluid at the specified horizon position; and determining flow rates of the oil phase component, the water phase component and the gas phase component in the multiphase fluid. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can improve the accuracy of the determined flow rate of each component of the multiphase fluid.

This disclosure relates to determining a spatial configuration of multiple nuclei. An electron dipole generates a spatially varying magnetic field such that each of the multiple nuclei is resonant at a respective resonance frequency defined by the magnetic field at a location of that nucleus. A first signal generator generates a first signal at a first signal frequency such that, as a result of dipole-dipole interaction between the electron dipole and a subset of the multiple nuclei that are resonant at the first signal frequency, a phase of the electron dipole is indicative of a number of nuclei that are resonant at the first signal frequency. A readout module determines the phase of the electron dipole, and determines the spatial configuration of the multiple nuclei based on the phase of the electron dipole. As a result of the high spatial resolution of the sensing the nuclear structure of molecules can be determined with low noise.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an interrogation device that is operable to apply one or more source signals to one or more coils surrounding a volume, where a material is disposed within the volume. Each of the one or more source signals may excite one of the one or more coils, and the behavior of each the one or more coils responsive to the exciting may be monitored. One or more parameters may be determined based on the behavior of each the one or more coils, and the one or more parameters may be utilized to generate a signature for the material within the volume. The signature may be compared to one or more signatures of known materials to identify the material within the volume.

The invention provides a method for the selection of cultivation component batches to be used in the cultivation of a mammalian cell expressing a protein of interest wherein at least two different components are employed in the cultivation.

A nuclear magnetic resonance method of analysis for glycosaminoglycans in general, and of heparins and low molecular weight heparins and their derivatives in particular, is provided. The method allows for their identification and for relative quantification of respective characteristic signals by .sup.1H-NMR and/or .sup.1H-.sup.13C HSQC.

The disclosure relates to a method which is suitable for the quality control and signal correction of mass spectrometry data of biological tissue samples and is based on the analysis of the chemical background signal observed in a spectrum. It exploits the fact that the chemical background signal contains components from a plurality of polymer molecules, whose chemical structure has strong regularities. These regularities mean that the observed masses are subject to certain statistical distributions, which are each characteristic of the class of molecule. By analyzing these statistical properties, it is possible to detect and correct any mass shifts which may be present.

An apparatus for detecting a chemical of interest in a fluid sample includes a sample chamber and a nano-particle injection device configured to inject functionalized magnetic nano-particles and optionally non-functionalized magnetic nano-particles into the fluid sample. The functionalized magnetic nano-particles include a plurality of bits of a reactor chemical spread out and separated from each other over a surface of each of the functionalized magnetic nano-particles for at least one of aggregating and disaggregating the functionalized magnetic nano-particles by binding or reacting to the chemical of interest in the fluid sample and the non-functionalized magnetic nano-particles do not include the plurality of bits. The apparatus also includes a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument configured to perform an NMR measurement on the fluid sample having the functionalized magnetic nano-particles to provide first NMR data and a controller configured to detect the chemical of interest using the first NMR data.

Provided is an orientation agent for NMR spectroscopy containing a nanosheet which is easy to prepare, excellent in handleability, economic efficiency and versatility, and is capable of being stably aligned to the magnetic field. The nanosheet is coated with a compound having a molecular weight of 1,500 or more and containing 35 or more functional groups per molecule, said functional groups being composed of at least one selected from a hydroxy group, an amino group, an amide group, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phosphate group, an imidazole group and a guanidine group.