A gas chromatography instrument comprising a first autoinjector in communication with a first column, a second autoinjector in communication with a second column, a first flame ionization detector in communication with the first column, a second flame ionization detector in communication with the second column, wherein the first column is housed in a first compartment and the second column is housed in a second compartment.

A system and method for distillation testing of a liquid sample at atmospheric pressure for the improved prediction of the heating necessary to reach the initial boiling point (IBP) and ensure the IBP is observed within certain time constraints, and regardless of sample composition. This monitors the sample by the camera during different heating phases of the test to obtain visual images of the sample and a computer analyzes image data observed to regulate the optimal distillation process.

A magnetic device with a three-dimensional wave structure is provided, which contains magnetic elements and a signal receiver. The magnetic element is nano/micron structure with magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic element is formed on a substrate with three-dimensional wave structure. When a magnetic substance approaches to the magnetic element, the magnetic substance produces a corresponding magnetoresistance signal for the magnetic element. Through the measurement of the magnetoresistance of the three-dimensional wave structure, and the presence or absence of the magnetic substance can be detected. An external magnetic field is used to change the magnetization configuration of the three-dimensional wave structure to capture the magnetic substance by adsorbing the magnetic substance to a magnetic pole of the three-dimensional wave structure.

Embodiments herein relate to systems and methods for identifying a plurality of components of a petroleum sample. Embodiments further relate to determining respective atmospheric equivalent boiling points (AEBPs) for respective ones of the plurality of components. Embodiments further relate to determining a boiling curve for the petroleum sample based on the respective AEBPs. Embodiments further relate to outputting an indication of the boiling curve for the petroleum sample. Other embodiments may be described or claimed.

Embodiments herein relate to systems and methods for identifying a plurality of components of a petroleum sample. Embodiments further relate to determining respective atmospheric equivalent boiling points (AEBPs) for respective ones of the plurality of components. Embodiments further relate to determining a boiling curve for the petroleum sample based on the respective AEBPs. Embodiments further relate to outputting an indication of the boiling curve for the petroleum sample. Other embodiments may be described or claimed.

A hydraulic system cavitation detection system and a method based on thermocouple module are provided. The hydraulic system cavitation detection system includes a cavitation adjusting device arranged at one side of a hydraulic pipeline to be detected; a first thermocouple module arranged on the cavitation adjusting device; a second thermocouple module arranged on the hydraulic pipeline to be detected; and a detection control center electrically connected with the first thermocouple module and the second thermocouple module respectively. The cavitation detection method is executed by the hydraulic system cavitation detection system.

A hydraulic system cavitation detection system and a method based on thermocouple module are provided. The hydraulic system cavitation detection system includes a cavitation adjusting device arranged at one side of a hydraulic pipeline to be detected; a first thermocouple module arranged on the cavitation adjusting device; a second thermocouple module arranged on the hydraulic pipeline to be detected; and a detection control center electrically connected with the first thermocouple module and the second thermocouple module respectively. The cavitation detection method is executed by the hydraulic system cavitation detection system.

The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for providing a sensor signal S indicative of a vapor quality X of a medium flowing within a conduit 38a. A sensor includes a heating element and a temperature sensing element is arranged in thermal contact with a wall of a horizontally arranged portion 38a of the conduit 34. Processing means are disposed to deliver a sensor signal S based on an output of the temperature sensing element 52. The sensor 40 includes a sensor body 46 made of a metal material. The heating element 48 and the temperature sensing element 52 are arranged in thermal contact with the sensor body 46. The invention further relates to a cooling system 10 including at least one evaporator 32 for evaporating an ammonia refrigerant, at least one compressor 12 arranged to compress the evaporated refrigerant, and at least one condenser 18 for condensing the compressed refrigerant, and at least one evaporator pump 30 for pumping the condensed refrigerant to the evaporator 32. A sensor arrangement 50 is arranged at a conduit 34 conducting the refrigerant from at least a portion of the evaporator 32.

The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for providing a sensor signal S indicative of a vapor quality X of a medium flowing within a conduit 38a. A sensor includes a heating element and a temperature sensing element is arranged in thermal contact with a wall of a horizontally arranged portion 38a of the conduit 34. Processing means are disposed to deliver a sensor signal S based on an output of the temperature sensing element 52. The sensor 40 includes a sensor body 46 made of a metal material. The heating element 48 and the temperature sensing element 52 are arranged in thermal contact with the sensor body 46. The invention further relates to a cooling system 10 including at least one evaporator 32 for evaporating an ammonia refrigerant, at least one compressor 12 arranged to compress the evaporated refrigerant, and at least one condenser 18 for condensing the compressed refrigerant, and at least one evaporator pump 30 for pumping the condensed refrigerant to the evaporator 32. A sensor arrangement 50 is arranged at a conduit 34 conducting the refrigerant from at least a portion of the evaporator 32.