A testing device and method for determining smoke point of a hydrocarbon. The device including: an apparatus for determining the smoke point conforming to specifications of an ASTM D1322-19 standard or equivalent standard, imaging device for taking a series of digital images of a flame; ambient relative humidity sensor for measuring relative humidity; ambient temperature sensor for measuring temperature; computer system linked to the imaging device, humidity sensor, and temperature sensor programmed to analyze digital images from the imaging device to measure flame height flame, and use temperature with relative humidity measured by the temperature and humidity sensors to calculate absolute humidity and correct measured flame height as a function of difference between the calculated absolute humidity and normalized absolute humidity, and preferably to correct measured flame height as a function of difference between pressure during flame height measuring and normalized pressure.

A testing device and method for determining smoke point of a hydrocarbon. The device including: an apparatus for determining the smoke point conforming to specifications of an ASTM D1322-19 standard or equivalent standard, imaging device for taking a series of digital images of a flame; ambient relative humidity sensor for measuring relative humidity; ambient temperature sensor for measuring temperature; computer system linked to the imaging device, humidity sensor, and temperature sensor programmed to analyze digital images from the imaging device to measure flame height flame, and use temperature with relative humidity measured by the temperature and humidity sensors to calculate absolute humidity and correct measured flame height as a function of difference between the calculated absolute humidity and normalized absolute humidity, and preferably to correct measured flame height as a function of difference between pressure during flame height measuring and normalized pressure.

In a device for controlling the temperature of a test sample in a measuring device for measuring material properties of the test sample, comprising a measuring cell for receiving the test sample, at least one temperature controlling element, and a thermal storage element coupled to the temperature controlling element to transfer heat, wherein means are provided for changing the thermal resistance between the thermal storage element and the measuring cell in order to selectively couple or decouple the thermal storage element and the measuring cell in terms of heat transfer, the ratio of the thermal capacity of the thermal storage element to the thermal capacity of the measuring cell is greater than 1:1, preferably at least 2:1, preferably at least 5:1.

In a device for controlling the temperature of a test sample in a measuring device for measuring material properties of the test sample, comprising a measuring cell for receiving the test sample, at least one temperature controlling element, and a thermal storage element coupled to the temperature controlling element to transfer heat, wherein means are provided for changing the thermal resistance between the thermal storage element and the measuring cell in order to selectively couple or decouple the thermal storage element and the measuring cell in terms of heat transfer, the ratio of the thermal capacity of the thermal storage element to the thermal capacity of the measuring cell is greater than 1:1, preferably at least 2:1, preferably at least 5:1.

An industrial process vessel insulation monitoring system for monitoring an insulated section of a process vessel containing a process material includes one or more condition sensors and a controller. The condition sensors are configured to sense at least one environmental condition, such as temperature, humidity, moisture level, and/or chemical composition, and generate condition outputs that are indicative of the corresponding sensed condition. The controller is configured to detect at least one section condition relating to the insulated section based on the condition output, and generate condition information relating to the at least one detected section condition. Examples of the section conditions include a thermal resistance of an insulation of the insulated section, damage or degradation to an insulation of the insulated section, corrosion of the process vessel at the insulated section, conditions that promote corrosion of the process vessel, and moisture intrusion to the insulation.

An industrial process vessel insulation monitoring system for monitoring an insulated section of a process vessel containing a process material includes one or more condition sensors and a controller. The condition sensors are configured to sense at least one environmental condition, such as temperature, humidity, moisture level, and/or chemical composition, and generate condition outputs that are indicative of the corresponding sensed condition. The controller is configured to detect at least one section condition relating to the insulated section based on the condition output, and generate condition information relating to the at least one detected section condition. Examples of the section conditions include a thermal resistance of an insulation of the insulated section, damage or degradation to an insulation of the insulated section, corrosion of the process vessel at the insulated section, conditions that promote corrosion of the process vessel, and moisture intrusion to the insulation.

An open cup flash point detector is shown that rapidly increases the temperature of the substance being tested until temperature is close to a theoretical flash point. Thereafter, as temperature is slowly increased, an igniter flame moves in an arc over the upper lip of the test cup while simultaneously a UV sensor senses a wedge-shaped area, also immediately over the upper lip of the test cup. The arc of the igniter flame and the wedge-shaped area do not overlap. By incremental increases in temperature and repeating the arc movement of the igniter flame, the flash point can be detected by the UV sensor.

Gas-flammability sensing systems and methods may be used to determine the flammability of gas mixtures in measurement volumes such as a fuel tank (e.g., an aircraft fuel tank). Gas-flammability sensing systems include a test cell structured to receive a gas sample, a heater in thermal communication with the test cell, and a gas meter configured to measure a physical property of the gas sample within the test cell related to the combustion state of the gas sample. The heater is configured to heat the gas sample to an elevated temperature less than the autoignition temperature of the gas sample. Methods of determining the flammability of a gas sample include collecting the gas sample, heating the gas sample to the elevated temperature, measuring the physical property of the gas sample after heating, and determining the flammability of a gas sample based upon the measured physical property.

Gas-flammability sensing systems and methods may be used to determine the flammability of gas mixtures in measurement volumes such as a fuel tank (e.g., an aircraft fuel tank). Gas-flammability sensing systems include a test cell structured to receive a gas sample, a heater in thermal communication with the test cell, and a gas meter configured to measure a physical property of the gas sample within the test cell related to the combustion state of the gas sample. The heater is configured to heat the gas sample to an elevated temperature less than the autoignition temperature of the gas sample. Methods of determining the flammability of a gas sample include collecting the gas sample, heating the gas sample to the elevated temperature, measuring the physical property of the gas sample after heating, and determining the flammability of a gas sample based upon the measured physical property.

Incendivity test systems and methods are disclosed. Incendivity test systems include a non-flammable gas mixture and a test article. The non-flammable gas mixture includes a thermally reactive reagent that is formulated to thermally react to produce a reaction product. Incendivity test systems also include an energy source configured to apply an energy discharge such as a simulated lightning strike to the test article. Incendivity test systems also include a detection device configured to measure an indicator species in the non-flammable gas mixture (e.g., the thermally reactive reagent and/or the reaction product). Incendivity test methods include contacting the test article with the non-flammable gas mixture, applying the energy discharge to the test article, and then measuring the amount of the indicator species and determining the incendivity of the test article in response to the energy discharge based upon the amount of the indicator species.