There is provided a composition for topical application to the penis for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, the composition being free of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sildenafil and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and comprising volatile and non-volatile solvents, the volatile solvents comprising a lower alcohol and water and the non-volatile solvents comprising a polyhydric alcohol and a glycol. Preferably, the composition does not contain any pharmaceutically active ingredients for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Also provided is a method of determining the cooling ability of a test composition, such as the composition described above.

There is provided a composition for topical application to the penis for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, the composition being free of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sildenafil and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and comprising volatile and non-volatile solvents, the volatile solvents comprising a lower alcohol and water and the non-volatile solvents comprising a polyhydric alcohol and a glycol. Preferably, the composition does not contain any pharmaceutically active ingredients for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Also provided is a method of determining the cooling ability of a test composition, such as the composition described above.

Provided are a device and method for measuring a coupling relationship between an ice content and a deformation of a frozen soil. The device includes: a soil sample container; a first thermal conductive disc; an annular support provided therein with a porous plate, where an upper end surface of the porous plate, a lower end surface of the first thermal conductive disc, and an inner wall of the soil sample container cooperate to form an accommodation chamber for accommodating a target in-situ frozen soil; a second thermal conductive disc located below the porous plate, where a lower end surface of the porous plate, an inner wall of the annular support, and an upper end surface of the second thermal conductive disc cooperate to form a water storage chamber; and a loading assembly configured to apply a load to the target in-situ frozen soil inside the accommodation chamber.

Provided are a device and method for measuring a coupling relationship between an ice content and a deformation of a frozen soil. The device includes: a soil sample container; a first thermal conductive disc; an annular support provided therein with a porous plate, where an upper end surface of the porous plate, a lower end surface of the first thermal conductive disc, and an inner wall of the soil sample container cooperate to form an accommodation chamber for accommodating a target in-situ frozen soil; a second thermal conductive disc located below the porous plate, where a lower end surface of the porous plate, an inner wall of the annular support, and an upper end surface of the second thermal conductive disc cooperate to form a water storage chamber; and a loading assembly configured to apply a load to the target in-situ frozen soil inside the accommodation chamber.

Fluid sensing devices including a layer of fluid absorption and distribution material are provided. The layer includes a porous fibrous nonwoven matrix for absorbing fluid from the object to the first major surface of the layer and laterally distributing the absorbed fluid throughout the layer and to a second major surface of the layer opposite the first major surface. Hydration sensors are disposed on the second major surface of the layer to measure a hydration level.

Fluid sensing devices including a layer of fluid absorption and distribution material are provided. The layer includes a porous fibrous nonwoven matrix for absorbing fluid from the object to the first major surface of the layer and laterally distributing the absorbed fluid throughout the layer and to a second major surface of the layer opposite the first major surface. Hydration sensors are disposed on the second major surface of the layer to measure a hydration level.