An MRI-free non-destructive on-line system for detecting a presence of a material in a sample. The system includes: a flow conduit encompassed by a tunable RF coil and having an input duct and an output duct; a flow of the sample through the flow conduit; a signal detector that detects frequency-dependent output signals as a function of a frequency variation of the RF tunable coil within a frequency range of an RF resonant frequency of a standard sample of the substance; and a processing unit.

An inductive conductivity sensor and a method for measuring specific electrical conductivity of a medium, comprising a transmitting coil fed by means of an input signal; coupled with the transmitting coil via the medium; a receiving coil, which delivers an output signal, which is a measure for the conductivity of the medium; and surrounding the transmitting coil and the receiving coil a housing, which has, intended for immersion in the medium, at least one housing section, whose housing wall surrounds the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. The housing section includes at least a first electrically conductive contact intended for contact with the medium and a second electrically conductive contact intended for contact with the medium. The conductivity sensor includes an electrically conductive conductor and the first contact is connected with the second contact via the conductor, wherein the conductor and the electrically conductive contacts are so embodied that they form via an ionic conduction path of the medium a closed electrical current path around the transmitting coil and the receiving coil.

A method may include forming an inductor comprising a plurality of inductor coils comprising a plurality of first inductor coils and a plurality of second inductor coils, each inductor coil comprising a spiraling wire of electrically-conductive material wherein the wire of electrically-conductive material is arranged substantially in a plane, wherein the plurality of first inductor coils and the plurality of second inductor coils are electrically coupled to one another and arranged with respect to one another such that within the plane, electrical current flowing through the inductor flows clockwise in the first inductor coils, within the plane, electrical current flowing through the inductor flows counterclockwise in the second inductor coils, each first inductor coil is adjacent to at least one second inductor coil, and each second inductor coil is adjacent to at least one first inductor coil.

To detect the amount of degradation substance contained in oil.

The present oil state detection apparatus includes an oscillation circuit having a coil and a capacitor and a detection device. Any one of the coil or the capacitor is immersed in oil. The detection device detects the amount of degradation substance contained in the oil based on the value of change in the oscillatory frequency of the oscillation circuit in a predetermined period.

There is provided an automated fastener system having fastener conductivity testing. The automated fastener system has an automated fastener holder assembly holding fastener(s); an automated fastener shuttle assembly having shuttle cup(s); an automated fastener inspection system having an inspection center shaft, and inspection gripper fingers; an automated delivery system having a delivery device; an automated fastener installation system having an end effector with an end effector center shaft, and end effector gripper fingers; an automated eddy current conductivity probe system; and a processing system. The eddy current conductivity probe system has an eddy current conductivity probe assembly integrated in one of, the one or more shuttle cups, the inspection center shaft, the inspection gripper fingers, the end effector center shaft, or the end effector gripper fingers. The eddy current conductivity probe assembly contacts a selected fastener to perform the fastener conductivity testing, and to obtain an electrical conductivity measurement.

There is provided an automated fastener system having fastener conductivity testing. The automated fastener system has an automated fastener holder assembly holding fastener(s); an automated fastener shuttle assembly having shuttle cup(s); an automated fastener inspection system having an inspection center shaft, and inspection gripper fingers; an automated delivery system having a delivery device; an automated fastener installation system having an end effector with an end effector center shaft, and end effector gripper fingers; an automated eddy current conductivity probe system; and a processing system. The eddy current conductivity probe system has an eddy current conductivity probe assembly integrated in one of, the one or more shuttle cups, the inspection center shaft, the inspection gripper fingers, the end effector center shaft, or the end effector gripper fingers. The eddy current conductivity probe assembly contacts a selected fastener to perform the fastener conductivity testing, and to obtain an electrical conductivity measurement.

A toroidal conductivity sensor having increased range and linearity. The size of the driving coil can be reduced in comparison to the receiving coil. An internal conduction loop is provided through both driving and receiving coils.

The eddy current sensor includes a first detector that detects an eddy current generated in a semiconductor wafer WH and a second detector that detects the eddy current. The first detector includes a first exciting coil configured to generate the eddy current and a first detecting coil configured to detect the eddy current. The first exciting coil and the first detecting coil are air-core coils. The second detector includes second exciting coil configured to generate the eddy current and second detecting coil configured to detect the eddy current. The second exciting coil and the second detecting coil are coils with a magnetic core.

A metal detection apparatus includes a detector housing with input and output apertures delimiting a transfer channel for moving products through a coil system with a transmitter coil for inducing signals in receiver coils that do not compensate one another when a metal contaminant is in the detection zone. A test device includes at least one sample, a signal processing unit for processing the receiver coil signals and detecting signals relating to contaminants and the test sample, and a control unit for controlling measurement of products during normal operation and the sample during test intervals. The test device includes reel units at the input and output apertures, respectively, with drive units rotatably holding reels holding ends of an elongated windable sample carrier extending through the detection zone and holding the sample(s). Either or both of the reel drive units transfer the sample(s) through the detection zone during test intervals.