A composition ratio estimation device estimates a composition ratio of a content having mixed substances with different boiling points in a tank. The content is retained as a liquid in the tank lower part. The substances are partially floatable as a gas or liquid in a space in the tank upper part. The device includes a reference object disposed in the space, a transmitting-receiving unit that transmits radar waves toward the reference object and the surface of the liquid and receives reflected radar waves, a temperature measuring unit that acquires a level at which a boiling point of a floating substance is reached, a dielectric constant calculating unit that stores in advance a physical distance between the unit and the object and calculates a dielectric constant of a space between the unit and the object, and a composition ratio derivation unit that derives a composition ratio of the liquid.

Systems for determining the moisture level in non-polar materials, such as polymers, include an electrical circuit including a capacitive sensor, and a signal generator that the provides the electrical circuit with an electrical input of varying frequency. The systems also include a computing device the determines the moisture level in the non-polar material based on a relationship between the moisture level, and a response of the electrical circuit to the electrical input while the capacitive sensor is in contact with the non-polar material.

The present application belongs to the technical field of monitoring of durability of concrete, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a structure of an electrical capacitance tomography sensor and analyzing an electromagnetic field. A specific process of the method includes eight steps: parameter setting, geometric setting, material setting, mesh generation, physical field setting, solution, sensor structure optimization and calculation of electromagnetic field distribution. The method proposes a new concept for solving a forward problem of an ECT system based on COMSOL software. After modeling is completed, uniformity of a sensitive field of the ECT sensor is analyzed according to calculation results, and structural parameter values of components of the ECT sensor are adjusted to seek an optimal design scheme.

An electromagnetic sensor for use in an apparatus for measuring electromagnetic properties of a fluid and/or a solid, the sensor comprising a substrate in the form of a plate, a plurality of first sensor elements on the substrate, the first sensor elements forming a first array of the first sensor elements on the substrate, a plurality of second sensor elements on the substrate, the second sensor elements forming a second array on the substrate, wherein the first and second arrays are regular arrays and are mutually aligned geometrically, a plurality of electrical connectors on the substrate, and a plurality of electrical terminals on the substrate, the electrical connectors electrically connecting the first and second sensor elements to electrical terminals, wherein the first sensor elements each comprise a first type of sensor selected from an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor and a magnetic sensor and the second sensor elements each comprise a second type of sensor selected from an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor and a magnetic sensor, wherein the first type of sensor and the second type of sensor are different.

There is provided a perishable goods monitoring system for monitoring the freshness or condition of a perishable product encapsulated within a package, the system comprising a sensor device, a wireless communication reader device and a processing module, said sensor device comprising a fibrous hydrophilic material based electrical sensor and a wireless communication tag chip coupled thereto and being configured to be incorporated in or on a said package, said wireless communication reader device being configured for wireless communication with said wireless communication tag by means of wireless communication technology when said reader device is within a predetermined distance of said tag, and said processing module being configured to receive sensor data from said sensor, via said reader device, correlate said sensor data against a stored calibration data set associated with said perishable product and determine thereby data representative of freshness of said perishable product.

The apparatus for detecting moisture in a building structure comprises at least one inductance element; at least one fixed capacitance element configured not to have a change in capacitance although the moisture is present in the building structure; and

at least one variable capacitance element configured to be electrically connected with the at least one fixed capacitance element and have a change in capacitance when the moisture is present in the building structure, wherein at least one first resonant frequency is determined based on the at least one inductance element, the at least one fixed capacitance element, and the at least one variable capacitance element.

A batteryless, chipless, sensor is disclosed which includes a substrate, at least two conductive strips disposed on the substrate, a passivation layer encasing the substrate and the at least two conductive strips, wherein the conductive strips are adapted to respond to an interrogation signal from a reader having a first polarization, with a response signal at a second polarization different than the first polarization.

A gas sensor for detecting a physical and/or chemical value of an analysis gas, a corresponding manufacturing method, and operating method. The gas sensor is based on the principle of a thermal conductivity measurement with the aid of a sensor structure including a double meander structure made up of two resistor lines, as part of a Wheatstone bridge circuit, on a diaphragm of a substrate. The two resistor lines are energized in opposite directions as a function of the detected temperature. The physical and/or chemical value(s) of the analysis gas are/is subsequently determined as a function of the voltages detected at the double meander structure.

A vehicle window, includes at least one transducer device and transducer electronics associated with the transducer device, wherein both the transducer device and the transducer electronics are arranged at least partially within the vehicle window, wherein the transducer device and/or a compensating device associated with the transducer device and arranged at least partially within the vehicle window and/or an electrical shielding device associated with the transducer device for electrically shielding the transducer device relative to a vehicle interior or a vehicle exterior are transparent, at least in sections.

A microorganism test method includes: covering, with a hydrophobic capping solvent, a sample containing a specimen and a liquid culture medium, within a region in a vicinity of a sensor configured to detect a microorganism contained in the specimen; and calculating, based on an output from the sensor, information indicating a degree of growth of the microorganism contained in the specimen. For example, an analysis unit drives an array sensor in which many resonators are arranged in a matrix pattern, stores a resonance frequency of a resonator which is acquired at the time of starting the measurement as an initial frequency, and calculates a difference (frequency shift) between the initial frequency and a resonance frequency of the resonator which is measured at predetermined time intervals as information indicating a degree of growth of the microorganism contained in the specimen.