A sensor element includes first to third chambers communicating sequentially from a gas inlet, an adjustment pump cell pumps oxygen into the first chamber so that an H/C component is oxidized, a first measurement pump cell pumps out oxygen from the second chamber so that all H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 contained in the measurement gas are reduced, a second measurement pump cell pumps oxygen into the third chamber to selectively oxidize H.sub.2 generated by reduction, a concentration of H.sub.2O is identified from values of currents generated by pumping-in by the adjustment pump cell and the second measurement pump cell, and a concentration of CO.sub.2 is identified based on the identified concentration of H.sub.2O, the value of the current generated by pumping-in by the adjustment pump cell, and a value of a current generated by pumping-out by the first measurement pump cell.

An adjustment pump cell performs first pumping-out operation to pump out oxygen so that all H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 in a measurement gas introduced into a first chamber are reduced, a first measurement pump cell selectively oxidizes H.sub.2 in a second chamber, a second measurement pump cell oxidizes CO in a third chamber, a concentration of H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 are identified based on currents generated in respective oxidization, the adjustment pump cell can further perform second pumping-out operation to pump out oxygen from the first chamber to the extent that H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 are not reduced in the middle of the first pumping-out operation, and reduction of H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 in the first chamber is interrupted upon start of the second pumping-out operation, so that H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 generated in the second chamber or the third chamber are emitted outside an element.

A metabolite detection apparatus includes: a sensing module includes a sensing unit, a signal conditioning chip and a first coil sequentially connected, wherein the sensing unit is used for sensing a metabolite and generating a plurality of corresponding sensing signals, and the signal conditioning chip is used for processing the sensing signals to respectively generate corresponding conditioning signals, and transmitting a plurality of conditioning signals to the first coil for sending; and a processing module including a second coil and a data processing unit connected to each other, wherein the second coil is electromagnetically coupled and connected to the first coil to wirelessly transmit energy and data, the second coil is used for receiving the plurality of conditioning signals and transmitting the plurality of conditioning signals to the data processing unit, and the data processing unit is used for acquiring metabolite information according to the plurality of conditioning signals.

A device for diagnosing a moisture content of concrete includes an electromagnetic proximity sensor configured to cause an electromagnetic field to penetrate to a certain depth of concrete and to receive a detection signal that varies depending on a permittivity of the concrete within the covered region of the electromagnetic field; a current supply unit configured to supply current to the electromagnetic proximity sensor; and a diagnostic unit configured to analyze a moisture content of the concrete by using the detection signal.