A method to assess external corrosion in buried pipelines includes analysis of moisture content of soil along the length of the pipe to choose the most appropriate indirect inspection methods. External corrosion is assessed based on the unification of probability techniques using clustered inspection data and deterministic formulation for soil conditions. A deterministic model pinpoints the location of the most likely areas for corrosion due to the electrochemical cell formation produced by the presence of water and the properties of the soil, such as ion concentrations, pH, soil resistivity, redox potential, corrosion potential and soil type. The filtering of the data by clustering provides reliable results to locate the most corrosive locations. The failure probability is calculated based on in-line inspection data, where different indications could appear and different dimensions are used to link the corrosivity with the failure for choosing repairing methods and taking actions against corrosion.

An apparatus for detecting the location of a foreign material of a low-voltage battery cell includes a first and second measurement electrodes respectively on a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery cell to measure a leakage current; a current measuring device to measure a leakage current; and a data processor to process a measured leakage current data. The first and second measurement electrodes each have a structure in which a plurality of unit electrodes to which coordinate information is assigned are collected. The current measuring device measures a leakage current flowing through the unit electrode of the first measurement electrode and the unit electrode of the second measurement electrode that have the same coordinate information. The data processing part checks the location of a foreign material from a leakage current data through a coordinate information of a unit electrode having a large leakage current.

An apparatus for detecting the location of a foreign material of a low-voltage battery cell includes a first and second measurement electrodes respectively on a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the battery cell to measure a leakage current; a current measuring device to measure a leakage current; and a data processor to process a measured leakage current data. The first and second measurement electrodes each have a structure in which a plurality of unit electrodes to which coordinate information is assigned are collected. The current measuring device measures a leakage current flowing through the unit electrode of the first measurement electrode and the unit electrode of the second measurement electrode that have the same coordinate information. The data processing part checks the location of a foreign material from a leakage current data through a coordinate information of a unit electrode having a large leakage current.

In general, in one aspect, embodiments relate to a method of remotely verifying the calibration of a high voltage spark detector, that includes switching between a normal signal path and a pre-calibrated reference standard, comparing the normal signal path to the pre-calibrated reference, and remotely verifying the calibration of the high voltage spark detector, based at least in part on the comparison between the normal signal path and the pre-calibrated reference standard.

In general, in one aspect, embodiments relate to a method of remotely verifying the calibration of a high voltage spark detector, that includes switching between a normal signal path and a pre-calibrated reference standard, comparing the normal signal path to the pre-calibrated reference, and remotely verifying the calibration of the high voltage spark detector, based at least in part on the comparison between the normal signal path and the pre-calibrated reference standard.

A high-voltage panel in a tire defect detection system is provided. The panel includes a high-voltage power supply, a switch, and a transformer. The high-voltage power supply is configured to receive a low voltage from a low-voltage power supply and convert the low voltage to a high voltage. The switch is a thyristor-based device that is configured to facilitate the discharge of the high voltage from the high-voltage power supply. The transformer is a solid toroid transformer configured to receive the high voltage from the high-voltage power supply and provide the high voltage to a detection head of a defect detector system.

A high-voltage panel in a tire defect detection system is provided. The panel includes a high-voltage power supply, a switch, and a transformer. The high-voltage power supply is configured to receive a low voltage from a low-voltage power supply and convert the low voltage to a high voltage. The switch is a thyristor-based device that is configured to facilitate the discharge of the high voltage from the high-voltage power supply. The transformer is a solid toroid transformer configured to receive the high voltage from the high-voltage power supply and provide the high voltage to a detection head of a defect detector system.