The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the thermal expansion properties of a titania-containing glass body. On the basis of measured values, obtained at a certain temperature, for a physical parameter that changes depending on the titania concentration and a physical parameter that changes depending on the fictive temperature, the thermal expansion coefficient of the titania-containing silica glass body and the slope of the thermal expansion coefficient are calculated using a linear relational expression represented by a plurality of physical properties. The thermal expansion properties of the titania-containing silica glass body are evaluated on the basis of the calculated thermal expansion coefficient and thermal expansion coefficient slope.

A device of determining pipes includes a memory unit, a processing unit and a communication interface, wherein the processing unit is connected to the memory unit and the communication interface. The memory unit has stored pipe names, reference pipe outside diameter values and orders of the pipe names corresponding to the reference pipe outside diameter values. The processing unit receives an outside diameter measuring data of a pipe, compares the outside diameter measuring data with the reference pipe outside diameter values, selects the pipe name corresponding to the reference pipe outside diameter value same as the outside diameter measuring data, and generates at least one the pipe name that matches the outside diameter measuring data according to the selected order of the pipe name. The communication interface outputs the pipe name that matches the outside diameter measuring data.

A device of determining pipes includes a memory unit, a processing unit and a communication interface, wherein the processing unit is connected to the memory unit and the communication interface. The memory unit has stored pipe names, reference pipe outside diameter values and orders of the pipe names corresponding to the reference pipe outside diameter values. The processing unit receives an outside diameter measuring data of a pipe, compares the outside diameter measuring data with the reference pipe outside diameter values, selects the pipe name corresponding to the reference pipe outside diameter value same as the outside diameter measuring data, and generates at least one the pipe name that matches the outside diameter measuring data according to the selected order of the pipe name. The communication interface outputs the pipe name that matches the outside diameter measuring data.

A system and method for evaluation of material systems including linings bonded to substrates, the system and method including: an ultrasonic transmitter configured to provide an ultrasonic pulse to the material system; an ultrasonic receiver configured to receive ultrasonic signal data related to the pulses; a data storage module configured to store data related to the material system, ultrasonic pulse and empirical data; an analysis module configured to analyze the ultrasonic signal data based on the ultrasonic pulse, the data related to the material system and empirical data; and an output module configured to output the results of the analysis.

A system and method for evaluation of material systems including linings bonded to substrates, the system and method including: an ultrasonic transmitter configured to provide an ultrasonic pulse to the material system; an ultrasonic receiver configured to receive ultrasonic signal data related to the pulses; a data storage module configured to store data related to the material system, ultrasonic pulse and empirical data; an analysis module configured to analyze the ultrasonic signal data based on the ultrasonic pulse, the data related to the material system and empirical data; and an output module configured to output the results of the analysis.

A method is disclosed that permits calculation of reagent concentrations (in SI units) over time and space within a tissue sample as the sample is immersed in the reagent and the reagent diffuses into the tissue sample. The disclosed method has yielded the surprising result that once a formaldehyde concentration at all points within a tissue sample exceeds about 90 mM during a cold step of a cold+hot fixation protocol, the hot step of the fixation protocol can be commenced to provide reliable detection of molecular targets and preservation of tissue morphology in downstream analyses.

A method is disclosed that permits calculation of reagent concentrations (in SI units) over time and space within a tissue sample as the sample is immersed in the reagent and the reagent diffuses into the tissue sample. The disclosed method has yielded the surprising result that once a formaldehyde concentration at all points within a tissue sample exceeds about 90 mM during a cold step of a cold+hot fixation protocol, the hot step of the fixation protocol can be commenced to provide reliable detection of molecular targets and preservation of tissue morphology in downstream analyses.

Systems and methods for prediction of state of charge (SOH), state of health (SOC) and other characteristics of batteries using acoustic signals, includes determining acoustic data at two or more states of charge and determining a reduced acoustic data set representative of the acoustic data at the two or more states of charge. The reduced acoustic data set includes time of flight (TOF) shift, total signal amplitude, or other data points related to the states of charge. Machine learning models use at least the reduced acoustic dataset in conjunction with non-acoustic data such as voltage and temperature for predicting the characteristics of any other independent battery.

Systems and methods for prediction of state of charge (SOH), state of health (SOC) and other characteristics of batteries using acoustic signals, includes determining acoustic data at two or more states of charge and determining a reduced acoustic data set representative of the acoustic data at the two or more states of charge. The reduced acoustic data set includes time of flight (TOF) shift, total signal amplitude, or other data points related to the states of charge. Machine learning models use at least the reduced acoustic dataset in conjunction with non-acoustic data such as voltage and temperature for predicting the characteristics of any other independent battery.

The apparatus for inspecting the electrostatic chuck for substrate processing includes the electrostatic chuck including a ceramic layer and an electrode layer coupled to an inside of the ceramic layer, an ultrasonic sensor unit disposed on the electrostatic chuck, allowing an ultrasonic wave to be incident into the electrostatic chuck, and converting a reflected signal reflected through the electrostatic chuck into an ultrasonic voltage signal, and an ultrasonic inspection unit to divide the ceramic layer and the electrode layer, based on a size value of the ultrasonic voltage signal.