Waves from cement bond logging with a sonic logging-while-drilling tool (LWD-CBL) are often contaminated with tool waves and may yield biased CBL amplitudes. The disclosed LWD-CBL wave processing corrects the first echo amplitudes of LWD-CBL before calculating the BI. The LWD-CBL wave processing calculates a tool wave amplitude and a phase angle difference as the difference of the phases between the tool waves and casing waves. The tool waves are then used to correct the LWD-CBL casing wave amplitude and remove errors introduced from tool waves. In conjunction with the sets of operations described, the LWD-CBL wave processing also include array preprocessing operations. Array preprocessing may employ variation of bandpass filtering and frequency-wavenumber (F-K) filtering operations to suppress tool wave.

A fluid sensing apparatus and method for detecting pressure and the presence of bubbles within a fluid tube. The fluid sensor comprises a housing configured to receive a portion of the tube and to house the pressure sensor and the ultrasonic transmitter. The pressure sensor is positioned adjacent the tube and is configured to receive a pressure sensor signal, which correlates to a detected pressure differential within the tube. A controller transmits a drive signal to the ultrasonic transmitter, which emits ultrasonic waves through a portion of the tube and to the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor receives both the ultrasonic waves and a pressure sensor signal, and subsequently transmits an output signal to the controller. In the presence of a pressure differential or a bubble within the tube, the output signal will exhibit a DC shift or a distortion of its signal characteristics, respectively.

Methods and systems for inspecting a weld area between a first and a second metallic sheet are provided an acoustic wave is generated in the first metallic sheet for propagation towards the second metallic sheet, across the weld area. A weld quality indicator is obtained. In some variants, the weld quality indicator is obtained from a comparison of first and second sheet time-varying signals representative of a surface motion in the first and second metallic sheets. In some variants, the weld quality indicator is based on the frequency-dependent attenuation of the acoustic wave in the second metallic sheet.

A system for determining a trigger amplitude indicating a precursor to a material fracture in a specimen under test includes a microphone converting acoustic emission emitted by the specimen under test into electrical signals. A load is exerted upon the specimen under test and the acoustic emission are emitted when the load causes the specimen under test to undergo deformation prior to the material fracture. A control module is in electrical communication with the microphone and executes instructions to monitor the electrical signals generated by the microphone and filter the electrical signals generated by the microphone. The control module converts the electrical signals generated by the microphone into individual frequency components based on a fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The individual frequency components each include a peak intensity. The control module determines the trigger amplitude based on the peak intensity of the individual frequency components of the FFT.

A detection method of nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave with carrier modulation is described. The high and low frequency components are determined according to the frequency response characteristics of the detection object, and the high-frequency components are processed by delay and combined with the low-frequency components to form a carrier modulation signal. The single excitation and single receiving mode are adopted for signal acquisition. The carrier modulation signal with high frequency and low frequency components is excited by a single transducer. The nonlinear modulation effect is produced by the interaction between the carrier signal and the damage, and the signals are collected by the receiving transducer through transmission method. According to the arrival time of high frequency components and the time of end reflection echo, the signal is intercepted and analyzed. After filtering and normalization processing, the received signal is decomposed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD). According to the decomposed IMF spectrum information, IMF components including fundamental frequency and nonlinear frequency components are used for signal reconstruction. The difference frequency components generated by the modulation of high-frequency and low-frequency, namely nonlinear components, are extracted, and the non-linear coefficient is calculated. The damage degree of materials is evaluated based on the nonlinear coefficient of nondamaged state.

Disclosed are non-destructive evaluation systems and method thereof for detecting delamination, overlay debonding, spalling and detecting and differentiating between sound and delaminated patches in concrete structures. The non-destructive evaluation method for detecting delamination in concrete structures includes obtaining a plurality of acoustic waves, storing the plurality of acoustic waves, calculating a short-term Fourier transform (STFT) spectrum for each of the plurality of acoustic waves, wherein each STFT spectrum comprises a plurality of window discrete Fourier transforms, and detecting the delamination based on the STFT spectrum.

Methods for processing data acquired using ultrasound elastography, in which shear waves are generated in a subject using continuous vibration of the ultrasound transducer, are described. The described methods can effectively separate shear wave signals from signals corresponding to residual motion artifacts associated with vibration of the ultrasound transducer. The systems and methods described here also provide for real-time visualization of shear waves propagating in the subject.

Methods for processing data acquired using ultrasound elastography, in which shear waves are generated in a subject using continuous vibration of the ultrasound transducer, are described. The described methods can effectively separate shear wave signals from signals corresponding to residual motion artifacts associated with vibration of the ultrasound transducer. The systems and methods described here also provide for real-time visualization of shear waves propagating in the subject.

Systems and methods are provided for obtaining a flexural-attenuation measurement for cement evaluation that may be effective even for wells with relatively thick casings. A method includes emitting an acoustic signal at a casing in a well that excites the casing into generating an acoustic response signal containing acoustic waves, such as Lamb waves. The Lamb waves include flexural waves and extensional waves. The casing may be relatively large, having a thickness of at least 16 mm. The acoustic response signal may be detected and filtered to reduce a relative contribution of the extensional waves. This may correspondingly increase a relative contribution of the flexural waves. The filtered acoustic response signal may be used as a flexural-attenuation measurement for cement evaluation.

Systems and methods are provided for obtaining a flexural-attenuation measurement for cement evaluation that may be effective even for wells with relatively thick casings. A method includes emitting an acoustic signal at a casing in a well that excites the casing into generating an acoustic response signal containing acoustic waves, such as Lamb waves. The Lamb waves include flexural waves and extensional waves. The casing may be relatively large, having a thickness of at least 16 mm. The acoustic response signal may be detected and filtered to reduce a relative contribution of the extensional waves. This may correspondingly increase a relative contribution of the flexural waves. The filtered acoustic response signal may be used as a flexural-attenuation measurement for cement evaluation.