The present invention provides a hydrogen sensor having a high sensitivity and low hysteresis characteristics while having a simple configuration and low cost. The present invention shows that a membrane-type surface stress sensor having an amorphous palladium-copper-silicon alloy as a sensitive film has low hysteresis and can detect a nitrogen gas to which hydrogen at a very low concentration of 0.25 ppm is added and a pure nitrogen gas with a sufficiently high S/N ratio.

Structure information for a substance within a volume may be obtained. The structure information may characterize structural non-linearity of the substance within the volume. A structure model for the substance within the volume may be generated based on the structure information and/or other information. The structure model may simulate one or more characteristics of the substance within the volume. Presentation of information on the characteristic(s) of the substance within the volume may be effectuated based on the structure model and/or other information.

In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, methods and systems for modeling an advanced 3-dimensional bottom-hole assembly are disclosed. The method may include determining a drill string property for a drill string having a rotary steerable drill bit; determining a drilling parameter for a drilling operation; generating a finite element model of the drill string based on the drill string property and the drilling parameter; performing a vibrational analysis of the finite element model; and predicting a drill string behavior during the drilling operation based on the vibrational analysis, the drill string behavior including a directional behavior, rate of penetration, or drilling efficiency of the rotary steerable drill bit.

A system for monitoring the condition of elongate structural elements, for example, railway rails, and a method of designing and manufacturing the system is disclosed. The method includes identifying and selecting suitable modes of propagation and signal frequencies that can be expected to travel large distances through an elongate structural element; designing a transducer that will excite the selected mode at the selected frequency; numerically modelling the transducer as attached to the elongate structural element; validating the transducer design by analyzing a harmonic response of the selected mode of propagation to excitation by the transducer, and manufacturing one or more transducers for use in the system.

A method for probabilistic fatigue life prediction using nondestructive testing data considering uncertainties from nondestructive examination (NDE) data and fatigue model parameters. The method utilizes uncertainty quantification models for detection, sizing, fatigue model parameters and inputs. A probability of detection model is developed based on a log-linear model coupling an actual flaw size with a nondestructive examination (NDE) reported size. A distribution of the actual flaw size is derived for both NDE data without flaw indications and NDE data with flaw indications by using probabilistic modeling and Bayes theorem. A turbine rotor example with real world NDE inspection data is presented to demonstrate the overall methodology.

Methods and systems for solving inverse problems arising in systems described by a physics-based forward propagation model use a Bayesian approach to model the uncertainty in the realization of model parameters. A Generative Adversarial Network (“GAN”) architecture along with heuristics and statistical learning is used. This results in a more reliable point estimate of the desired model parameters. In some embodiments, the disclosed methodology may be applied to automatic inversion of physics-based modeling of pipelines.

The invention relates to a method for detecting and characterizing defects in a heterogenous material via ultrasound. Said method includes the following steps: —emitting ultrasound waves from an emitting ultrasound transducer placed against the material; —acquiring, by means of a receiving ultrasound transducer in various positions relative to said material, a plurality of time signals, representing the amplitude of the sound propagated in the material as a function of time, for a position of the receiving ultrasound transducers, —determining a time function representing a spatially averaged power of the time signals that correspond to different positions of the receiving transducer; and —normalizing the time signals by means of said time function so a to obtain normalized time signals. The defects in the material are detected from said normalized time signal.

The subject disclosure presents systems and computer-implemented methods for calculating the diffusivity constant of a sample using acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) based information correlated with a diffusion model to reconstruct a sample's diffusivity coefficient. Operations disclosed herein such as acoustically determining the phase differential accumulated through passive fluid exchange (i.e. diffusion) based on the geometry of the tissue sample, modeling the impact of the diffusion on the TOF, and using a post-processing algorithm to correlate the results to determine the diffusivity constant, are enabled by monitoring the changes in the speed of sound caused by penetration of fixative such as formalin into several tissue samples. A tissue preparation system may be adapted to monitor said diffusion of a tissue sample and determine an optimal processing workflow.

The present invention provides a method for storing an ultrasonic scan image and an ultrasonic device. The ultrasonic device may include: an image acquiring unit configured to scan a target object to obtain an image; a buffer unit configured to store the obtained image; a processing unit configured to compute a similarity of a frame of the image; and a storage unit, wherein when it is determined that the computed similarity of the frame is less than a threshold, the processing unit stores frames with a similarity equal to or greater than the threshold previous to the frame in the storage unit. Therefore, the image may be stored automatically based upon the similarity information of the frame of the ultrasonic scanning image.

A device and method for mounting sensors to components comprising a mounting pad adapted for adhesive attachment to the component and further including a feature allowing for a secondary restraint. In various variations, the sensor may be an accelerometer, vibration sensor, temperature sensor or other sensor. The feature and secondary restraint may include one or more holes in the mounting pad for attachment by safety wire or other restraint to provide limited movement in the case of adhesive failure.