A streaming current measurement flow cell, free from potential piston-to-electrode contact, with a flexible, but close-fitting piston and sleeve set, wherein a housing-defined bushing, as it encircles the piston's active segment near its upper end, does so with a short, cylindrical sidewall, the inside diameter of which, in comparison to the active segment's diameter, creates a narrowerbut by only 0.002 inchcapillary-sized flow channel between the bushing and the active segment than exists between it and the sleeve. Even so, physical contact between piston and sleevea major wear factoris completely eliminated; and larger particles known to scratch/gouge dielectric surfaces are kept out of the piston/sleeve flow channel. Moreover, a limitation on the piston's downward travel wherein the active segment's upper end is brought just flush with the upper electrode's flat, annular face makes possible a novel system, critical in self-cleaning this electrode where its inner edge and setback are exposed atop the bushing.

An electrode cleaning and calibration system generally comprises a sensor holder assembly machined from a block of solid acrylic or similar plastic material, which can accommodate a variety of types and sizes of sensors for use in monitoring and measurement of water processing and treatment processes. Examples of sensors suitable for use in the system include pH sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, chlorine sensors, ozone sensors, total suspended solid sensors, mixed liquor suspended solid sensors, ammonia sensors, monochloramine sensors, and ultraviolent transmittance sensors.

An electrode cleaning and calibration system generally comprises a sensor holder assembly machined from a block of solid acrylic or similar plastic material, which can accommodate a variety of types and sizes of sensors for use in monitoring and measurement of water processing and treatment processes. Examples of sensors suitable for use in the system include pH sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, chlorine sensors, ozone sensors, total suspended solid sensors, mixed liquor suspended solid sensors, ammonia sensors, monochloramine sensors, and ultraviolent transmittance sensors.

A system and method for the detection and elimination of microorganisms in a water flow. The method comprises the steps of: arranging at least one light emission element at a water flow point, arranging of at least one light capture element at the water flow point, detecting the presence of the microorganism through the first light emission event and eliminating the microorganism through the realization of a second light emission event. It also describes a detection module which can be positioned at a water flow point.

A system for analyzing a chemosensor that includes a light source directed at a chemosensor, and a spectrometer arranged to detect a signal from the light source after passing through the chemosensor. The spectrometer includes signal conditioning electronics and spectral decomposition software which allows the spectrometer to perform a spectral analysis in order to identify, in real time, one or more heavy metals in a continuous flow of water interacting with one or more dyes on the chemosensor.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulphide sampling and detection system and method for determination of the content of gaseous CO2 and/or H2S in a liquid, among other chemical compounds. In one embodiment, the detection system includes a membrane block having a liquid sample inlet port and a sample outlet port between which a sample flow path extends. The membrane block includes a first membrane unit and a second membrane unit. The first membrane unit includes a sample flow on the first side of a first permeable membrane element, and a carrier gas flow on the second side of the first permeable membrane element. The second membrane unit having a sample flow on the first side of a second permeable membrane element and a carrier gas flow on the second side of the second permeable membrane element.

An apparatus for measuring a water-quality parameter of a liquid sample. The apparatus includes: at least one water-quality parameter sensor selected from the group containing: a chlorine sensor; a turbidity sensor; a conductivity sensor; a pH sensor; a temperature sensor; a pressure sensor; a redox sensor; and a flow sensor; a controller configured to control operation between an active mode, a sleep mode, and a turbo-mode; and an energy source management module associated with the controller. The management module manages voltage in the controller and provides for extended power and low electricity consumption.

Monitoring and detection of algae in surface water and wastewater is of significant importance, yet there is currently no quick and simple method to achieve this. The present work illustrates a new method to determine the concentration of algae in water and wastewater samples using spectrophotometry, the first derivative of absorbance, and a smoothing technique applied to the first derivative of absorbance (e.g. Savitzky-Golay). The relationship between algal concentration and absorbance for three types of water samples (distilled, surface, and wastewater) was determined in the visible wavelength range, and the effect of using the first derivative of absorbance method on improving algal concentration detection limit was established. Using the first derivative of absorbance method improves algal detection limits, reduces the effect of background absorbance and the resolution of overlapping spectra. The presence of algae in water can cause a number of problems, and the method presented here can be used to effectively monitor algal concentration in various types of water samples and provide necessary information for decision making purposes.

A water quality monitor system comprising a base having a first end and a second end is disclosed. A cover is removably coupled to the first end of the base such that the cover surrounds and covers the first end of the base. A flow cell jar is connected to the second end of the base. A sensor probe is connected to the second end of the base and extends downward into the flow cell jar. The sensor probe is configured to measure a plurality of water quality parameters. The base further includes an inlet and an outlet connected to opposing ends of the base and connected in-line to the plumbing of a swimming pool recirculation system. A controller is configured to provide a connection between the water quality monitor and a cloud- based storage system, using a wireless network. The measured water quality parameters are transmitted through the wireless network to the cloud storage system.

Provided are low flow groundwater fluid sampling systems and related methods of collecting fluid samples, including a low flow pump, flow cell, waste container and a communication device in communication with those components. In this manner, the low flow pump may be controlled to ensure a desired constant flow-rate is achieved, and a remote operator may monitor the status of fluid being pumped to the flow cell with the communication device, such as with a portable electronic device, including a smart phone. The system may alert the operator that fluid is ready to be collected for sampling, including at an off-site laboratory. Particularly useful applications are for monitoring groundwater quality and contamination.