A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer and a method of processing absorption spectra is used to measure concentrations of selected fuel gas components and calculate several fuel gas parameters, including heating value, relative density, compressibility, theoretical hydrocarbon liquid content and Wobbe index. In the described incarnation, a tunable laser diode directs near-infrared light into an optical cavity through a sample of fuel gas. A sensor measures intensity of light exiting the cavity as the laser wavelength is tuned over a specified range to construct a cavity-enhanced absorption spectrum for the fuel gas. A set of basis spectra for expected component species is used to analyze the spectrum and determine component concentrations, including methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, and other discrete and structured absorbers. Critically, a generic broadband absorption is used to model higher hydrocarbons that present themselves as nearly featureless absorption spectra. The fuel gas parameters are then calculated directly from determined component concentrations and the broadband absorption representing the higher hydrocarbons.

The invention relates to a method, system, and computer program product for determining a composition of a gas mix in a vehicle, said method comprising the steps of: exposing the gas mix with light; measuring data relating to a light absorption of the gas mix at at least two different pressures of the gas mix; and determining the composition of the gas mix based on said measured data. The invention relates also to a vehicle equipped with said system.

A method of cross-tool optical fluid model validation includes selecting verified field data measured with a first sensor of an existing tool as validation fluids and selecting a second sensor for a new tool or on a different existing tool. The method may also include applying cross-tool optical data transformation to the validation fluids in a tool parameter space from the first sensor to the second sensor, and calculating the synthetic optical responses of the second sensor on the validation fluids through cross-space data transformation. The method may further include determining a new or adjusting an existing operational fluid model of the second sensor in a synthetic parameter space according to the candidate model performance evaluated on the validation fluids, and optimizing well testing and sampling operation based on real-time estimated formation fluid characteristics using the validated fluid models of the second sensor in an operating tool.

A method for determining properties of a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture includes determining a thermal conductivity value, density measurement, viscosity measurement, and temperature and pressure. The method also includes determining a hydrogen content of the gas mixture on the basis of the thermal conductivity value and the temperature and pressure, determining a density measurement and associated temperature and pressure, and determining the mean molar mass or standard density on the basis of the density measurement and the temperature and pressure. The method further includes determining the mean molar mass or standard density of a hydrogen-free residual gas mixture based on the mean molar mass or standard density and the hydrogen fraction, determining the Wobbe index of the residual gas mixture based on the viscosity measurement and the temperature and pressure, and determining a calorific value based on the mean molar mass or standard density and the Wobbe index.

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) hydrogen through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and hydrogen distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the hydrogen below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the hydrogen.

A fuel sensor for a vehicle includes a housing, a fuel composition sensor element disposed within the housing, and two removable and interchangeable fuel connector modules attached to the housing. The fuel composition sensor element comprises an outer cylindrical electrode and an inner cylindrical electrode disposed within and concentric with the outer cylindrical electrode. Both of the fuel connector modules include a flange having a mating surface and an opposing outer surface. The mating surface is configured to removably engage the sensor housing, at either its input side or its output side. Attached to the outer surface of the flange is a fuel connector fitting that is of a standard type configured for connection to a standard fuel connector fitting of the vehicle's fuel system. Use of the removable and interchangeable fuel connector modules eliminates the need for fuel fitting adaptors, thereby reducing the overall size of the sensor.

A sample handling system receives a downhole sample. The sample handle system conditions the sample using a separator and filters to allow discharge of unwanted liquids and particulates prior to flowing the sample to one or more analyzers. Separating the moisture and particulates from the sample improves the operation of the components of the sample handling system, for example, by eliminating unwanted condensate or moisture. A coalescing filter, for example, may protect a proportional valve by removing unwanted particulates and liquids from the sample. Additionally, main components of the sample handling system are accessible from a front of a housing to allow for ease of repair and replacement.

A flue gas analyser for determining the efficiency of a burner burning a supply gas and producing a flue gas by: calculating an efficiency of the burner based on a detected amount of a first target gas in the flue gas and an expected amount of the first target gas in the flue gas; predicting an amount of a second target gas in the flue gas based on the efficiency of the burner; estimating a composition of the supply gas based on a detected amount of the second target gas in the flue gas and the predicted amount of the second target gas in the flue gas; and correcting the calculated efficiency of the burner based on the estimated composition of the supply gas.

Described is a method for quantifying the amount of optically interfering gas impurities in a gas detection system comprising a sample gas inlet, a reference gas inlet, a gas modulation valve, and an infrared absorption gas detector used for analysis of methane or natural gas, wherein the gas modulation valve alternatingly connects the sample gas inlet to the gas detector during a sample gas time period and the reference gas inlet to the gas detector during a reference gas time period. The method includes measuring an infrared absorption for at least two different sample gas concentrations in the gas detector achieved via respective different ratios from the sample gas time period and the reference gas time period, and comparing amplitudes of different measurement signals of the at least two different sample gas concentrations with calibration functions to assess an actual gas impurity concentration in the sampled gas.

A system and method monitor contaminants in fluid flowing in a structure, including contaminating particles that may be present in a fuel supplied through a pipe to a combustor of a gas turbine. The system includes a light source for projecting a light sheet on a cross-sectional area of the structure; an optical sensor for sensing particles passing through the light sheet; and a controller for controlling the light source and the sensor. A window can be formed in an outer wall of the structure, and the sensor disposed outside the structure to sense the passing particles via the window. The optical sensor acquires a monitoring image in which the particles passing through the light sheet are included, and the controller performs an image analysis on the acquired monitoring image and calculates whether contaminants are included in the fluid and a degree to which contaminants are included in the fluid.