A wearable CO.sub.2 monitor and stale air dosimeter comprising a power supply with rechargeable battery and battery charger, an accurate CO.sub.2 sensor, a fast-reacting CO.sub.2 sensor, programmable control circuitry, and a user interface for presenting results and indications. The accurate CO.sub.2 sensor provides CO.sub.2 levels which are used to compute staleness levels and further accumulated as a staleness dose. The fast-reacting CO.sub.2 sensor alerts the user to changes in CO.sub.2 levels and allows the accurate CO.sub.2 sensor to be powered down during periods when CO.sub.2 levels are stable.

[Task] To provide an automatic analysis apparatus including a photomultiplier tube which controls a sensitivity of the photomultiplier tube without adjusting a high voltage value. [Solution] An automatic analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes a photomultiplier tube which detects light from a reaction vessel; a determination unit which determines an output signal of the photomultiplier tube in a case where the photomultiplier tube is irradiated with first light; and a control unit which irradiates the photomultiplier tube with second light to lower a sensitivity of the photomultiplier tube in accordance with a determination result by the determination unit.

A measuring system for determining and/or monitoring the quality of a liquid or viscous foodstuff, including a housing with an interior space for a product container for the foodstuff, a heating and cooling device, and a control unit. The product container has a lid with a thermometer probe projecting into the product container, and a transparent wall. The housing has a light source, an optical sensor for registering light entering the product container via the foodstuff, and a measuring device for rheological properties of the foodstuff. The control unit is connected to the thermometer, the heating and cooling device, the light source, the optical sensor and the measuring device, and is designed to set a predetermined time-temperature program in the interior space, and to repeatedly perform measurements on the foodstuff to determine a measured value of said foodstuff, and for storing and/or exporting and/or processing the measured values.

A sensor is disclosed, comprising: a first optical reflector provided on a first support element; a second optical reflector provided on a second support element and arranged opposed to the first optical reflector along an optical axis, the opposed first and second optical reflectors being spaced from each other forming a sample space for containing a sample between the first and second optical reflectors; wherein the second optical reflector comprises a recess to provide an optical cavity with stable resonance in at least one mode and having an optical cavity length of at most 50 μm and/or an optical mode volume of 100 μm.sup.3 or less; at least one electromagnetic (EM) radiation source configured to illuminate the optical cavity with EM radiation; and a detector configured to detect EM radiation from the optical cavity; wherein the first support element and the second support element are bonded to each other and form a unitary structure.

An imaging system includes an imaging device having a holder configured to hold a cell culture plate with a plurality of wells. The imaging device also includes an imaging assembly having a plurality of imaging units, each of which is configured to image one well of the plurality of wells. The imaging system also includes a storage platform in communication with the imaging device configured to receive a plurality of images from the imaging device. The system further includes a computer in communication with the imaging device and the storage platform. The computer is configured to control the imaging device and to display at least one image of the plurality of images.

An optical sensing system includes at least one electro-optical sensor having an adjustable field of view and at least one reflective member including a diffuse reflector surface positioned within the field of view of the at least one electro-optical sensor. The system also includes at least one controller configured to generate calibration parameters for the at least one electro-optical sensor based on data for at least one exposure detected by the electro-optical sensor when the diffuse reflector surface is within the field of view of the at least one electro-optical sensor. Methods for calculating the calibration parameters and for directly measuring reflectivity of objects in a scene with at least one electro-optical sensor are also disclosed herein.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatus, systems, and methods for in-situ film growth rate monitoring. A thickness of a film on a substrate is monitored during a substrate processing operation that deposits the film on the substrate. The thickness is monitored while the substrate processing operation is conducted. The monitoring includes directing light in a direction toward a crystalline coupon. The direction is perpendicular to a heating direction. In one implementation, a reflectometer system to monitor film growth during substrate processing operations includes a first block that includes a first inner surface. The reflectometer system includes a light emitter disposed in the first block and oriented toward the first inner surface, and a light receiver disposed in the first block and oriented toward the first inner surface. The reflectometer system includes a second block opposing the first block.

A light 2 for reflected light that emits visible light for reflected light onto a front side of a veneer 6, a light 32 for invisible light that emits near-infrared light for transmitted light onto a back side of the veneer 6, and an image processing device 1 that detects defects of the veneer 6 by analyzing a captured image generated by a line sensor camera 4 are provided. Defects of the veneer 6 are discriminated on the basis of a set of shading and shapes in an infrared-transmitted-light image based on the transmitted light, and colors in a visible-light image based on the reflected light. Consequently, even if a defect has a small color difference from a normal part in the visible-light image, difference of shading between the defective part and the normal part appears in the infrared-transmitted-light image, and a defect that is difficult to detect by seeing only a color difference in a visible-light image can be relatively easily detected.

A hand-held test device and a method for testing an object having at least one retrore-flective region and at least one fluorescent region, e.g. an item of high-visibility clothing. The hand-held test device includes a white light LED, a UV LED, a connnon photoreceiver, and a control unit. In a reflection test mode, a reflective region is briefly irradiated with white light and reflects onto the photoreceiver. In at least one fluorescence test mode, ultraviolet light is emitted by the onto a fluorescent region, which generates fluorescent light of a corresponding colour via the fluorescence, which is received by the photoreceiver. In all test modes, a receive sig corresponding with the irradiation strength is generated at the photoreceiver and transmitted to the control unit for evaluation, e.g. for carrying out a threshold value comparison with a predefined threshold value for the receive signal. Every test mode can preferably have a separate predefined threshold value for this purpose.

A system for characterizing at least one particle from a fluid sample is disclosed. The system includes a filter disposed upstream of an outlet, and a luminaire configured to illuminate the at least one particle at an oblique angle. An imaging device is configured to capture and process images of the illuminated at least one particle as it rests on the filter for characterizing the at least one particle. A system for characterizing at least one particle using bright field illumination is also disclosed. A method for characterizing particulates in a fluid sample using at least one of oblique angle and bright field illumination is also disclosed.