Disclosed herein is a ring-shaped wearable device for detecting biometrics with a light source and a photodetector directed towards a digit wearing the ring-shaped device. The ring can thus detect oxygen saturation of a wearer based on light transmitted through the wearer's finger. The ring can include power saving measures to extend the battery life. A motion sensor can help determine opportune moments for data collection such as when the wearer is still. The motion sensor can be used to remove noise from the data caused by motion. After data is collected or during data collection, the ring can wirelessly communicate the data to another portable electronic device such as a phone or watch.

Wafer inspection apparatuses and methods are described. The wafer inspection apparatus includes an optical module, at least one wafer holder for carrying a plurality of wafers, and a plurality of optical sensors. The optical module is configured to emit a plurality of light beams for simultaneously scanning the plurality of wafers carried by the at least one wafer holder. The plurality of optical sensors is configured to receive the light beams reflected by the plurality of wafers.

A device and method for expediting spectral measurement in metrological activities during semiconductor device fabrication through interferometric spectroscopy of white light illumination during calibration, overlay, and recipe creation.

An optical sensor and a method of operating the optical sensor are provided. The optical sensor includes a light source configured to emit a light, and a path adjuster configured to adjust a traveling path of the light to reflect the light at a first time, and allow the light to pass through the path adjuster at a second time. The optical sensor further includes a light receiver configured to receive a reference light among the reflected light, and receive, among the light passing through the path adjuster, a measurement light related to a target material.

The invention relates to a method of determining a concentration of a substance in a cell suspension, said method comprising the following steps: determining the concentration of the substance by: using the results of absorption measurements performed at n local sample volumes contained at different average chamber heights of a chamber arrangement comprising the cell suspension and local substance concentration in said respective local sample volumes determined based on said respective absorption measurements; using a substance concentration model comprising local substance concentration as a function of chamber height, anddetermining the substance concentration as the infinite chamber height substance concentration using said substance concentration model and the determined local substance concentrations, wherein n is at least 2, such as at least 3, such as at least 4, wherein, optionally, the cell suspension is whole blood and the substance is Hb and wherein the method further comprises determining cRBC based on the determined Hb concentration and a determined Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). The invention also relates to a system for executing the method.

A system and method to discriminate between a first preselected gas and at least one other preselected gas use of an absorption spectroscopy analyzer that includes a Herriott cell and a temperature sensitive light source. The light source operates at a temperature that emits a beam at a wavelength that corresponds to high absorption by a first preselected gas. When a predetermined level of this gas is detected in a gas sample, the analyzer changes the operating temperature of the light source to emit a beam at a wavelength that corresponds to high absorption by a second preselected gas. The second preselected gas can be a different isotope of the first preselected gas.

The invention relates to a counting chamber for a microscope, adjustable in height. The method measures a cell count at two different chamber heights and deduces the concentration of particles without an exact calibration of the absolute height, as the height difference gives a measurement of the missing volume and therefore an estimate of the particle concentration.

A device and method for expediting spectral measurement in metrological activities during semiconductor device fabrication through interferometric spectroscopy of white light illumination during calibration, overlay, and recipe creation.

An apparatus may have a first reflector and a second reflector positioned on either side of a sample volume for a gas sample. The configuration of the first reflector may be variable between at least first and second configurations, wherein each of the first and second configurations is arranged such that a beam of optical radiation from an optical beam origin is directed to a detector location via the sample volume. In the second configuration the beam of optical radiation is reflected at least once from each of the first and second reflectors and the path length of the beam of optical radiation through the sample volume is greater than in the first configuration.

A device for optical detection of analytes in a sample includes at least two optoelectronic components. The optoelectronic components include at least one optical detector configured to receive a photon and at least one optical emitter configured to emit a photon. The at least one optical emitter includes at least three optical emitters disposed in a flat, non-linear arrangement, and the at least one optical detector includes at least three optical detectors disposed in a flat, non-linear arrangement. The at least three optical emitters and the at least three optical detectors include at least three different wavelength characteristics.