An embodiment of the present invention provides a continuous-wave terahertz generation and detection device using a photomixing technique, the device including: first and second light source units configured to output continuous-wave laser light sources, which have single wavelength and different frequencies, to generate optical signals; a first electro-optic phase modulator configured to shift a frequency of the optical signal generated by the first light source unit, and a second electro-optic phase modulator configured to shift a frequency of the optical signal generated by the second light source unit; a first optical amplifier configured to receive and amplify the optical signal whose frequency is shifted by the first electro-optic phase modulator and the optical signal generated by the second light source unit, and a second optical amplifier configured to receive and amplify the optical signal whose frequency is shifted by the second electro-optic phase modulator and the optical signal generated by the first light source unit; an opto-electronic converter configured to convert the optical signal amplified by the first optical amplifier into a terahertz wave; a photomixer configured to mix the optical signal amplified by the second optical amplifier and the terahertz wave generated by the opto-electronic converter and convert the mixed signal into an electrical signal; a photodetector configured to combine the optical signals transferred from the first and second optical amplifiers and convert the combined optical signal into an electrical signal; and a filter unit configured to filter the electrical signal passing through the photodetector, wherein the electrical signal obtained through the photodetector is compared with the electrical signal obtained by the photomixer, and phase noise having the same frequency is removed.

A super resolution microscope system is disclosed and described. The system can include a sample stage (180) adapted to receive a sample (185) including probe molecules. At least one light source (105) is provided to produce a coherent excitation light to excite the probe molecules and cause luminescence of the probe molecules. An image detector (100) can detect the luminescence from the probe molecules. A microlens array (125) can be positioned in a beam path (110) of the coherent light from the at least one light source (105). The beam path (110) of the coherent light extends between the light source (105) and the sample stage (180). The microlens array (125) can also be positioned in a beam path (112) of the luminescence from the probe molecules. The beam path (112) of the luminescence extends between the sample stage (180) and the image detector (100).

A method for detecting of components in a fluid includes emitting a modulated light beam from a modulated light source to the fluid in a chamber, wherein the fluid comprises a liquid and a component in the liquid. The method includes producing an acoustic signal in response to the emitted modulated light beam and detecting the acoustic signal via a pressure sensor disposed in the chamber. The method in one example also includes transmitting the acoustic signal from the pressure sensor to a processor based module and determining at least one of a component and a concentration of the component in the fluid via the processor based module, based on the acoustic signal.

An imaging flow cytometry apparatus and method which allows registering multiple locations across a cell, and/or across multiple flow channels, in parallel using radio-frequency-tagged emission (FIRE) coupled with a parallel optical detection scheme toward increasing analysis throughput. An optical source is modulated by multiple RF frequencies to produce an optical interrogation beam having a spatially distributed beat frequency. This beam is directed to one or more focused streams of cells whose responsive fluorescence, in different frequencies, is registered in parallel by an optical detector.

A microscopy system that includes a first laser emitting a first laser pulse along a first beam line, the first laser pulse being a Gaussian pump beam; and a second laser emitting a second laser pulse along a second beam line, the second laser pulse being a probe beam, the Gaussian pump beam and the probe beam being delivered to a sample at right angles to each other allowing the Gaussian pump beam to shrink a focal axial diameter of the second beam line thereby enabling dipole-like backscatter stimulated emission along the second beam line.

An imaging flow cytometry apparatus and method which allows registering multiple locations across a cell, and/or across multiple flow channels, in parallel using radio-frequency-tagged emission (FIRE) coupled with a parallel optical detection scheme toward increasing analysis throughput. An optical source is modulated by multiple RF frequencies to produce an optical interrogation beam having a spatially distributed beat frequency. This beam is directed to one or more focused streams of cells whose responsive fluorescence, in different frequencies, is registered in parallel by an optical detector.

A system for extraction of optical properties of a turbid medium by using diffuse reflectometry may include at least one light source, an optical receiver, at least one separator, and at least one processor configured to control the optical receiver, while the radiation is provided to the turbid medium in the radiation input area of the at least one light source, to sequentially open each LC cell from the array of LC cells, and simultaneously receive radiation, passed through the sequentially opened LC cells and corresponding microlenses, by corresponding photodetectors from the array of photodetectors to obtain the distribution of radiation intensity; and extract the optical properties of the turbid medium based on the distribution of radiation intensity.

Systems and methods which use an optical sensor and an electromagnetic sensor in cooperation for detecting concentrations of one or more materials in solutions are described. In operation according to embodiments of a cooperative optical and electromagnetic sensor material concentration detector, both an optical sensor and electromagnetic sensor are used in cooperation to detect a concentration of a material having a physical feature that is otherwise incompatible with one or the other sensors and/or a material for which measurement is affected by another material present in the sample. Embodiments are, for example, configured to provide a cooperative implementation of optical and electromagnetic sensors operable to detect concentrations of metal ions and acid in a solution, such as for use in real-time material concentration detection.

Disclosed is a composite particle for use in a marking that is suitable for identification/authentication purposes. The particle comprises at least one superparamagnetic portion and at least one thermoluminescent portion and optionally also a thermoconductive portion between the superparamagnetic and thermoluminscent portions.

A carbon isotope analysis method, including the steps of: generating carbon dioxide isotope from carbon isotope; feeding the carbon dioxide isotope into an optical resonator having a pair of mirrors; applying irradiation light having an absorption wavelength of the carbon dioxide isotope into the optical resonator; adjusting a relative positional relationship between the mirrors so that an optical axis of the irradiation light and an optical axis of light generated by the etalon effect are not matched; measuring the intensity of the transmitted light generated by resonance of carbon dioxide isotope excited by the irradiation light; and calculating the concentration of the carbon isotope from the intensity of the transmitted light. An optical resonator that can be suppressed in the parasitic etalon effect, and a carbon isotope analysis device and a carbon isotope analysis method, by use of the optical resonator, are provided.