A system for coupling photometers to an incubation ring for use in in vitro diagnostics comprises one or more light sources, and an incubation ring assembly, and two photometers. An incubation ring assembly comprises an internal trough and an external trough. Each trough comprises (a) an internal wall comprising an internal aperture and (b) an external wall comprising an external aperture. A first photometer comprises: a first optics housing directing light from the light sources through the external aperture of the internal trough, and a first detector positioned to receive the light through the internal aperture of the internal trough. A second photometer comprises a second optics housing directing the light from the light sources through the internal aperture of the external trough, and a second detector positioned to receive the light through the external aperture of the external trough.

The disclosed technology includes a planar device for performing multiple biochemical assays at the same time, or nearly the same time. Each assay may include a biosample including a biochemical, enzyme, DNA, and/or any other biochemical or biological sample. Each assay may include one or more tags including dyes and/or other chemicals/reagents whose optical characteristics change based on chemical characteristics of the biological sample being tested. Each assay may be optically pumped to cause one or more of luminescence, phosphorescence, or fluorescence of the assay that may be detected by one or more optical detectors. For example, an assay may include two tags and a biosample. Each tag may be pumped by different wavelengths of light and may produce different wavelengths of light that is filtered and detected by one or more detectors. The pump wavelengths may be different from one another and different from the produced wavelengths.

Disclosed herein are a sensor and a system for measuring an analyte using surface plasmon resonance. The sensor may include: an optical fiber including a core layer, and a plasmon resonance layer which is formed to surround an outer surface of the core layer and on which the analyte is disposed; an acoustic wave perturbation generator connected to one side of the optical fiber, and generating acoustic wave perturbation to a mode which enters into the core layer to allow the mode to exit the plasmon resonance layer; and a detector for detecting the mode passing through the inside of the core layer.

A polishing pad surface property measuring method which can measure surface properties of a polishing pad that reflect CMP performance by applying a laser beam to the polishing pad at a plurality of incident angles is disclosed. The method includes applying a laser beam to a surface of the polishing pad, and receiving light reflected by the surface of the polishing pad and performing Fourier transform on the received light to determine surface properties of the polishing pad. The laser beam is applied to the polishing pad at a plurality of incident angles.

A system for analyzing a sample includes an illumination source with a plurality of transmitting optical fibers optically coupled to the illumination source and a detector with a plurality of receiving optical fibers optically coupled to the detector. The system further includes a plurality of probes coupled to respective ones of the plurality of transmitting optical fibers and respective ones of the plurality of receiving optical fibers. The plurality of probes are configured to illuminate respective portions of a surface of the sample and configured to receive illumination reflected, refracted, or radiated from the respective portions of the surface of the sample. The system may further include one or more switches and/or splitters configured to optically couple respective ones of the plurality of transmitting optical fibers to the illumination source and/or configured to optically couple respective ones of the plurality of receiving optical fibers to the detector.

Provided is a fluorescence reading device capable of narrowing a distance between a lens unit and an observation object to a distance according to a focal length of a refractive index distribution type lens and focusing fluorescence emitted from the observation object on detecting unit without blurring. Optical fiber sub-bundles equivalent to a light guide unit are buried in lens holding parts of a lens unit. Emission ends of the optical fiber sub-bundles are exposed to upper surfaces of the lens holding parts that face the observation object holding unit. The optical fiber sub-bundles guide the excitation light emitted from the light source and radiate the guided excitation light toward the surface of an observation object that faces the lens unit.

A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) optical head includes a housing configured for attachment to a sight tube attached to a wall of a process chamber. The TDLAS optical head further includes optics within the housing for transmitting, receiving, or transmitting and receiving a laser beam within a process chamber through the sight tube. The TDLAS optical head further includes a photo sensor in the housing positioned to receive light emitted by combustion within the process chamber to which the housing is attached.

The present invention is directed to an assembly for use in detecting an analyte in a sample based on thin-film spectral interference. The assembly includes a light source to emit light signals; a light detector to detect light signals; a coupler to optically couple the light source and the light detector to a waveguide tip; a monolithic substrate having a coupling side and a sensing side; and a lens between the waveguide tip and the monolithic substrate. The lens relays optical signals between the waveguide tip and the monolithic substrate.

A method for measuring a concentration of at least one target species includes generating first and second laser beams having respective first and second wavelengths each corresponding to respective absorption lines of the at least one target species. The method includes coupling the first and second laser beams to proximal ends of first and second fundamental modes of first and second optical waveguides, respectively. The method includes transmitting through a measurement zone, for a distal end of the first and second optical waveguides, a probe signal including the first and second laser beam. The method includes determining a first signal strength of the probe signal at the first wavelength and a second signal strength of the probe signal at the second wavelength, and determining, from the first signal strength and the second signal strength, a concentration of the at least one target species.

A method of monitoring blockage of a sight tube attached to a wall of a process chamber, the sight tube being operatively associated with a TDLAS optical head with a window between the sight tube and the TDLAS optical head. The method includes the steps of providing a photo sensor in the TDLAS optical head, the photo sensor being positioned to receive light emitted by a light emitting process within the process chamber. An emission signal produced by light emitted by the light emitting process within the process chamber being received by the photo sensor is monitored. A determination is made if the emission signal is degrading.