An authentication structure and an authenticating method using the same are provided. The authentication structure includes a plurality of input couplers that generate surface plasmons by being selectively coupled to lights because the plurality of input couplers are different in terms of at least one of a geometric structure and an arrangement, and an output coupler that outputs a speckle pattern based on the surface plasmons.

Methods and systems for detecting a gas or liquid in an environment include measuring a reference signal at each of a set of wavelengths by passing a signal at each wavelength through a reference cell having a gas or liquid to be detected. A sensing signal is measured at each of the plurality of wavelengths by coupling each wavelength to a ring resonator in the environment. A set of wavelengths that correspond to an absorption curve of the gas or liquid to be detected is determined. A concentration of the gas or liquid to be detected in the environment is determined based on amplitudes of the sensing signal at each of the set of wavelengths.

In one embodiment, a microfluidic platform for optical biosensing, the platform including an optical substrate, a layer provided on the substrate, and a channel formed within the layer and defined by the layer and the substrate through which fluid can flow, the channel including a channel constriction that gradually narrows along a length of the channel to a point at which the channel is physically sized and configured to trap a microsphere suspended in the fluid when the fluid flows through the channel so that the microsphere cannot pass the channel constriction.

An infrared spectrometer chip including a suspended micro-platform, the suspended micro-platform being configured as a thermal detector with integrated photonic and phononic structure. The chip in embodiments includes temperature controlled elements including a photonic source, filter, sensor and detector. Thermoelectric devices are disposed on the micro-platform.

In one aspect, a photonic device includes a substrate layer comprising magnesium fluoride and an optical guiding layer disposed on the substrate layer. The optical guide layer includes silicon dioxide. The substrate layer and the optical guide layer are transparent at an ultraviolet and visible wavelength range. In another aspect, a method includes oxidizing silicon to form a silicon dioxide layer, bonding the silicon dioxide layer to magnesium fluoride, removing the silicon and performing lithography and etching of the silicon dioxide to form a photonic device.

Methods and systems for detecting a gas or liquid in an environment include measuring a reference signal at each of a set of wavelengths by passing a signal at each wavelength through a reference cell having a gas or liquid to be detected. A sensing signal is measured at each of the plurality of wavelengths by coupling each wavelength to a ring resonator in the environment. A set of wavelengths that correspond to an absorption curve of the gas or liquid to be detected is determined. A concentration of the gas or liquid to be detected in the environment is determined based on amplitudes of the sensing signal at each of the set of wavelengths.

An exhaust gas detection assembly, comprising a sensing system comprising a wide-band light source and a detector, a probe configured for mounting in a port of a component of an engine exhaust system, and a fiber optic bundle connected between the sensing system and the probe to carry source light from the light source to the probe and reflected light from the probe to the detector, wherein the detector comprises a filter that passes reflected light received from the probe in a wavelength range corresponding to a wavelength range affected by the presence of a type of gas molecules in the probe.

A hand-held bioanalytic instrument is described that can perform massively parallel sample analysis including single-molecule gene sequencing. The instrument includes a pulsed optical source that produces ultrashort excitation pulses and a compact beam-steering assembly. The beam-steering assembly provides automated alignment of excitation pulses to an interchangeable bio-optoelectronic chip that contains tens of thousands of reaction chambers or more. The optical source, beam-steering assembly, bio-optoelectronic chip, and coupling optics register to an alignment structure in the instrument that can form at least one wall of an enclosure and dissipate heat.

The present disclosure concerns a method and apparatus for measuring a sensor (10) comprising multiple optical resonators (11,12) optically connected to a single optical output interface (16). The optical resonators (11,12) are interrogated with a light input signal (Si). A light output signal (So) is measured from the optic al output interface (16) to determine a combined spectral response (Sa) covering a wavelength range (W) including a plurality of resonance peaks (1,i, 2,j) for each of the optical resonators (11,12). A Fourier transform spectrum (FT) of the combined spectral response (Sa) is calculated and a harmonic series of periodic peaks (n.Math.f1) is identified in the Fourier transform spectrum (FT). The harmonic series of periodic peaks is filtered to obtain a filtered Fourier transform spectrum (FT1) and a sensor signal is calculated (X1) based on the filtered Fourier transform spectrum (FT1).

To provide a wind turbine blade or a wind power generation device provided with a strain detecting system having a high level of soundness. The blade includes a structural material constituting the blade, plural optical fibers 15A and 15B arranged within or on a surface of the structural material, and an optical cable 16A that connects adjacent ones of the optical fiber sensors, and a length of the optical cable 16A is longer than the shortest distance between the adjacent optical fiber sensors.