An apparatus includes a measurement chamber configured to retain one or more sample substances. The apparatus includes an entrance window mounted on a side of the measurement chamber. The apparatus includes a light source configured to generate an incident light beam. The apparatus includes a Raman sensor configured to collect inelastically scattered light from the chamber, and measure an intensity of a Raman peak of a first substance from the one or more sample substances based on the collected inelastically scattered light. The apparatus further includes a processor configured to (i) calculate a concentration of the first substance based on at least the measured intensity of the Raman peak of the first substance, (ii) determine the end point of a wafer cleaning process based on a calculated concentration of the first substance, and (iii) terminate the wafer cleaning process based on the determined end point.

Disclosed are systems and methods for performing a contamination estimation of a downhole sample comprising at least a formation fluid and/or a filtrate. A plurality of downhole signals are obtained from the downhole sample and one or more of the signals are conditioned. At least two of the conditioned signals or downhole signals are fused into a multivariate dataset. From optical and density properties of the formation fluid and/or of the filtrate, a multivariate calculation is performed to generate concentration profiles of the formation fluid and the filtrate.

A system for real-time assessment of systemic hydration includes a light source configured to operably emit light of first and second wavelengths; means for delivering the emitted light to a target site to excite at least one first spot at the target site, and collecting Raman scattering light scattered from the target site at a plurality of second spots; a detector coupled with said means for obtaining a plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra from the collected Raman scattering light, each spatially offset Raman spectrum corresponding to a respective second spot of the target site and associated with a depth of tissues at which the Raman scattering light is scattered; and a controller configured to process the plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra so as to identify spectral features from the plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra, and assess systemic hydration from the identified spectral features.

The disclosure provides a method for removing background from a spectrogram, including: finding out peak information of a raw spectrogram, the peak information including a peak position, a starting point, an ending point, and a peak width w of a peak; processing, within each peak area defined by the starting point and the ending point of each peak of the raw spectrogram, each peak of the raw spectrogram by using a SNIP method so as to obtain background data within each peak area; replacing, within each peak area, data of the raw spectrogram with the background data obtained through processing by using the SNIP method, so as to form a background spectrogram in a fitting way; smoothing the formed background spectrogram; and subtracting the smoothed background spectrogram from the raw spectrogram so as to obtain a spectrogram with removed background.

Biomarkers of high blood pressure are measured to identify high blood pressure of the subject based on one or more biomarkers. In many embodiments, the response of the biomarker to blood pressure occurs over the course of at least an hour, such that the high blood pressure identification is based on a cumulative effect of physiology of the subject over a period of time. The methods and apparatus of identifying high blood pressure with biomarkers have the advantage of providing improved treatment of the subject, as the identified biomarker can be related to an effect of the high blood pressure on the subject, such as a biomarker corresponding to central blood pressure. The sample can be subjected to increases in one or more of pressure or temperatures, and changes in the blood sample measured over time.

Method for open-loop or closed-loop control of a process, in particular a downstream bioprocess, based on the projection of an unknown concentration of at least one substance in a sample using spectroscopy, in particular UV/vis spectroscopy, comprising the steps: Detect spectrums of a plurality of concentration samples, wherein at least two concentration samples have differing concentrations of the substance; generate several quantitative models based on the spectrums of the concentration samples, wherein the models each have a mapping of at least one spectral measurand of the spectrums to concentrations in concentration ranges, wherein the concentration ranges of two models are not identical; detect at least one sample spectrum of the sample; map the sample spectrum to at least one quantitative model of the generated quantitative models; apply the at least one quantitative model that was mapped to the sample spectrum against the sample spectrum to determine a projected value for the unknown concentration; and apply open-loop and/or closed-loop control of the process for at least one parameter based on the projected value for the undetermined concentration.

A method for evaluating spectra of a biological substance of animal and/or vegetable origin, may include (a) detecting a spectrometer in a network formed of at least one spectrometer and an input/output device, (b) requesting the individual status of each spectrometer in the network of (a), and displaying the detected spectrometers and their status on the input/output device, the status reflecting if a spectrometer is available for recording a spectrum or not, (c) receiving a selection from the spectrometers being available for recording a spectrum on the input/output device, (d) recording a spectrum of a sample material of animal origin, vegetable origin or a mixture thereof on the spectrometer selected in (c), (e) predicting a value for at least one parameter from the spectrum of (d) by a calibration function and/or calibration graph suitable for predicting the parameter value, and (e) displaying the result from (e) on the input/output device.

A system for monitoring a composition includes: an electromagnetic source that emits a beam; one or more evanescent field sensing element inside a tubular structure, arranged in series along a flow direction of the composition, and configured to be in direct contact with the composition; a waveguide that directs at least a portion of the beam to the evanescent field sensing element as an incident beam; and a detector configured to obtain a spectral distribution of the fingerprint beam. The evanescent field sensing element provides partial or total internal reflection of the incident beam at an interface between the evanescent field sensing element and the composition, and the incident beam interacts with the composition to form a fingerprint beam.

Disclosed is a method for diagnosing a neurodegenerative disease in a subject. The method comprises obtaining from the subject a sample comprising at least one live blood cell, and optionally isolating at least one live blood cell from the sample. The method further comprises generating one or more multispectral or hyperspectral images of the at least one cell, and analysing spectral characteristics of autofluorescence from the at least one cell. Also disclosed is a system configured to aid in the detection or diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease. Also disclosed is a method for selecting a subject for treatment for a neurodegenerative disease. Also disclosed is a method for monitoring the response of a subject to a therapeutic treatment for a neurodegenerative disease. Also disclosed is a protocol for monitoring the efficacy of a therapeutic treatment for a neurodegenerative disease.

The monitoring and control of bioprocesses is provided. The present disclosure provides the ability to generate generic calibration models, independent of cell line, using inline Raman probes to monitor changes in glucose, lactate, glutamate, ammonium, viable cell concentration (VCC), total cell concentration (TCC) and product concentration. Calibration models were developed from cell culture using two different CHOK1SV GS-KO™ cell lines producing different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Developed predictive models, qualified using an independent CHOK1SV GS-KO™ cell line not used in calibration, measured changes in glucose, lactate, ammonium, VCC, and TCC with minor prediction errors over the course of cell culture with minimal cell line dependence. The development of these generic models allows the application of spectroscopic PAT techniques in a clinical manufacturing environment, where processes are typically run once or twice in GMP manufacturing based on a common platform process.