A system is disclosed, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The system includes a metrology tool configured to acquire one or more measurements of a portion of a sample. The system includes a controller including one or more processors configured to execute program instructions causing the one or more processors to: generate a surface kinetics model output based on a surface kinetics model; determine an expected response of the surface kinetics model output to excitation by polarized light; compare the determined expected response to the one or more measurements; generate one or more metrics based on the comparison between the determined expected response and the one or more measurements of the sample; adjust one or more parameters of the surface kinetics model to generate an adjusted surface kinetics model; and apply the adjusted surface kinetics model to simulate on-sample performance during plasma processing.

The inventors discovered that viscosity of a protein solution can be estimated by measuring the apparent particle size or apparent molecular weight by a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method or X-ray solution scattering method, which enables measurement of small amounts of samples, and then correlating those measurement results with viscosity of the protein solution.

The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting a fibre misalignment in an elongated structure, such as a wind turbine blade component. The elongated structure has a length along a longitudinal direction and comprises a plurality of stacked reinforcing fibre layers. The plurality of fibre layers comprises fibres having an orientation aligned, unidirectionally, substantially in the longitudinal direction. The method comprises scanning a surface of the elongated structure for identifying one or more surface irregularities, selecting one or more regions of interest comprising said one or more surface irregularities, examining said region of interest using penetrating radiation, and determining a position and/or size of the fibre misalignment based on said examining step.

The present disclosure provides a substance identification device and a substance identification method. The substance identification device comprises: a classifier establishing unit configured to establish a classifier based on scattering density values reconstructed for a plurality of known sample materials, wherein the classifier comprises a plurality of feature regions corresponding to a plurality of characteristic parameters for the plurality of known sample materials, respectively; and an identification unit for a material to be tested, configured to match the characteristic parameter of the material to be tested with the classifier, and to identify a type of the material to be tested by obtaining a feature region corresponding to the characteristic parameter of the material to be tested.

Methods and systems for measuring periodic structures using multi-angle X-ray reflectance scatterometry (XRS) are disclosed. For example, a method of measuring a sample by X-ray reflectance scatterometry involves impinging an incident X-ray beam on a sample having a periodic structure to generate a scattered X-ray beam, the incident X-ray beam simultaneously providing a plurality of incident angles and a plurality of azimuthal angles. The method also involves collecting at least a portion of the scattered X-ray beam.

Non-destructive inspection methods, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for non-destructively inspecting a bond line, including a bond line present in a composite substrate and in a adhesive material layers in a composite substrate, with the methods, systems, and apparatuses incorporating a small angle X-ray scattering array.

A single-piece hybrid droplet generator and nozzle component for serial crystallography. The single-piece hybrid droplet generator component including an internally-formed droplet-generation channel, an internally-formed sample channel, a nozzle, and a pair of electrode chambers. The droplet-generation channel extends from a first fluid inlet opening to the nozzle. The sample channel extends from a second fluid inlet opening to the droplet-generation channel and joins the droplet-generation channel at a junction. The nozzle is configured to eject a stream of segmented aqueous droplets in a carrier fluid from the droplet-generation channel through a nozzle opening of the single-piece component. The pair of electrode chambers are positioned adjacent to the droplet-generation channel near the junction between the droplet-generation channel and the sample channel. The timing of sample droplets in the stream of fluid ejected through the nozzle is controlled by applying a triggering signal to electrodes positioned in the electrode chambers of the single-piece component.

Provided is a fine structure determination method capable of easily determining tilt angles of columnar scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction, and provided are an analysis apparatus and an analysis program thereof. There is provided an analysis method for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have columnar scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, comprising the steps of preparing scattering intensity data from the plate-shaped sample, that is generated via transmission of X-rays; and determining tilt angles of the scattering bodies in the plate-shaped sample with respect to a reference rotation position at which a surface of the plate-shaped sample is perpendicular to an incident direction of the X-rays, based on the prepared scattering intensity data.

The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting a fibre misalignment in an elongated structure, such as a wind turbine blade component. The elongated structure has a length along a longitudinal direction and comprises a plurality of stacked reinforcing fibre layers. The plurality of fibre layers comprises fibres having an orientation aligned, unidirectionally, substantially in the longitudinal direction. The method comprises scanning a surface of the elongated structure for identifying one or more surface irregularities, selecting one or more regions of interest comprising said one or more surface irregularities, examining said region of interest using penetrating radiation, and determining a position and/or size of the fibre misalignment based on said examining step.

A system and method for measuring a sample by X-ray reflectance scatterometry. The method may include impinging an incident X-ray beam on a sample having a periodic structure to generate a scattered X-ray beam, the incident X-ray beam simultaneously providing a plurality of incident angles and a plurality of azimuthal angles; and collecting at least a portion of the scattered X-ray beam.