The invention relates to non-destructive imaging of the internal structure for safe and intuitive operator work. In the context of the invented method, electronic scanning first creates a virtual image of the surface of the object (5) whose internal structure is the subject of research. Part of the surface of the object (5) and the angle of scanning are set by voice or by movement of the operator's body (9). The virtual image of the surface of the object (5) is subsequently projected in the stereoscopic glasses (7), followed by creation of the virtual image of the internal structure of the object (5) for the same angle of scanning. The virtual image of the internal structure is projected in the virtual image of the surface of the object (5), or replaces the virtual image of the object (5).

A method of dewatering a hydrocarbon storage tank carrying a first fluid layer that includes a first hydrogen concentration and a second fluid layer that includes a second hydrogen concentration includes receiving, from a sensor and by a processor communicatively coupled to the sensor, a value representing an amount of backscattered neutrons sensed by the sensor. The sensor is attached to a surface of a wall of the tank adjacent a fluid outlet of the storage tank. The sensor is configured to sense neutrons backscattered from the first fluid layer and an interface layer. The method includes comparing, by the processor, the value to a threshold, and actuating, by the processor, a valve fluidically coupled to the outlet of the storage tank to drain the first fluid layer from the storage tank while preventing the interface layer from leaving the storage tank.

An apparatus and method are described which enable real time measurements to measure the margin to criticality in a process for manufacturing fissile materials. An exemplary apparatus includes a neutron source capable of being modulated, an optional moderator to reduce the thermal energy of neutrons from the neutron source, a collimator for controlling the direction of any neutrons emanating in use from the target, a plurality of detector arrays positioned in predetermined locations relative to a process vessel for detecting process variables and for sending signals representative of the process variables in real time to a processor for receiving the signals and converting the detected process variables into margin to criticality measurements.

Disclosed is a nondestructive inspection system includes: a radiation source system generating different types of radiations and irradiating the generated different types of radiations toward an inspection object; a detector system detecting each of the radiations transmitted through the inspection object; a transfer system varying a position of the inspection object such that the radiations generated by the radiation source system are irradiated to the inspection object; and an image system generating an image regarding the inspection object on the basis of a detection result from the detector system, wherein the radiation source system comprises: an electron gun generating an electron beam; an electron accelerator accelerating the electron beam generated by the electron gun; and a target system selectively generating at least one of various types of radiations according to variables when the electron beam accelerated by the electron accelerator is irradiated thereto.

An apparatus and method are described which enable real time measurements to measure the margin to criticality in a process for manufacturing fissile materials. An exemplary apparatus includes a neutron source capable of being modulated, an optional moderator to reduce the thermal energy of neutrons from the neutron source, a collimator for controlling the direction of any neutrons emanating in use from the target, a plurality of detector arrays positioned in predetermined locations relative to a process vessel for detecting process variables and for sending signals representative of the process variables in real time to a processor for receiving the signals and converting the detected process variables into margin to criticality measurements.

The present invention provides a novel method for identifying a molecular structure by single crystal X-ray analysis. A single crystal that gives an X-ray diffraction spectrum sufficient for determining the structure of the molecule can be efficiently obtained by including a test molecule in a metal complex and then crystallizing the test-molecule-including metal complex. By analyzing this single crystal by X-ray analysis, it is possible to determine the structure of the test molecule without obtaining a single crystal of the test molecule. With the method according to the present invention, the structure of a test molecule in a trace amount of sample can also be determined.

A system (100) for producing analysis data indicative of presence of one or more predetermined components in a sample (110) is presented. The system includes source equipment (120) for directing a particle stream (130) towards the sample (110), detector equipment (140) for measuring a distribution of particles scattered from the sample (110) as a function of a scattering angle (), and processing equipment (170) for producing the analysis data based on the measured distribution of the scattered particles and on reference information indicative of an effect of the one or more predetermined components on the distribution of the scattered particles. The scattering angle related to each scattered particle is an angle between an arrival direction of the particle stream and a trajectory (160) of the scattered particle. The system utilizes different directional properties of scattering related to different isotopes, different chemical substances, and different isomers.

A method and apparatus for neutron radiography is provided for the examination of elongate radioactive items, primarily nuclear fuel elements, and also for the non-destructive testing of irradiated and non-irradiated objects in order to determine the internal structure and material composition thereof. The method and apparatus include placing an object under examination into a protective container. A detection system includes a rotatable limb with a mounting seat for securing neutron detectors in a diametric groove. The limb being mounted to be rotatable by a set angle about an axis parallel to the axis of the object under examination and having a semi-circular recess therein for the passage of an elongate object as the limb rotates by an angle .sub.i relative to the direction of a neutron beam.

A neutron grid, comprises: a grid including: a plurality of spacers through which at least a part of first neutrons from a target passes; and a plurality of absorbers to absorb at least a part of second neutrons scattered thorough the target, the spacers and the absorbers being alternately arranged along a first direction and extending along a second direction intersecting with the first direction; and a pair of covers through which at least a part of the first neutrons and at least a part of the second neutrons pass, sandwiching the grid along a third direction intersecting with the first and second directions. A thermal expansion coefficient difference between one of the spacers and one of the absorbers is 910.sup.6/ C. or less, or Young's modulus of the spacer is 100 GPa or more.

Disclosed is a nondestructive inspection system includes: a radiation source system generating different types of radiations and irradiating the generated different types of radiations toward an inspection object; a detector system detecting each of the radiations transmitted through the inspection object; a transfer system varying a position of the inspection object such that the radiations generated by the radiation source system are irradiated to the inspection object; and an image system generating an image regarding the inspection object on the basis of a detection result from the detector system, wherein the radiation source system comprises: an electron gun generating an electron beam; an electron accelerator accelerating the electron beam generated by the electron gun; and a target system selectively generating at least one of various types of radiations according to variables when the electron beam accelerated by the electron accelerator is irradiated thereto.