An X-ray imaging system including: an X-ray Talbot imaging apparatus which is provided with an object table, an X-ray source, a plurality of gratings, and an X-ray detector side by side in a direction of an X-ray radiation axis, and irradiates the X-ray detector with an X-ray from the X-ray source through an object and the plurality of gratings to obtain a moire image required for forming a reconstruction image of the object; and an object housing inside which the object is housed and an environmental condition independent of an external environment is set, wherein the object housing is provided detachably with respect to the object table.

A charged particle beam device includes: a detection chamber flange; a detector; a detector holding stand which holds the detector; a first shaft which is slidably inserted into a guide hole and connected to the detector holding stand, the guide hole being provided in the detection chamber flange; a first flange which is attached to the detection chamber flange and has a spherical bearing; a second flange which is supported by the spherical bearing of the first flange; and a second shaft which is slidably inserted into a guide hole provided in the second flange and passes through a through-hole in the detection chamber flange to be connected to the detector holding stand, each of the first shaft and the second shaft being provided with a flow channel of a heat transfer medium for cooling or heating the detector.

Cooling systems of a CT system and methods of cooling the CT system are disclosed. The CT system includes a gantry and a table that moves an object into a bore of the gantry, wherein the gantry includes a cover having a front surface in which at least an inlet slot is formed and a rear surface in which exhaust holes are formed along with exhaust fans in the rear surface of the cover of the gantry. Fans for the in-take and exhaustion of air are not required to be formed on the front surface of the cover of the gantry. A hole through which external air is taken in through the inlet slot is moved in a rotor of the gantry.

Provided are a multi-scale and multi-parameter collaborative testing device and method for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing. The method includes: processing a retrieved rock sample, forming a fracturing port on the top surface of a rock specimen, placing a fracturing pipe in a hole, and connecting the fracturing pipe to a high-pressure water supply pipe; installing and connecting sensors on pressure plates, connecting wires, and turning on testing devices; sealing an airtight chamber, filling oil into the airtight chamber until the airtight chamber is full of oil, and keeping a room temperature constant; turning on a water supply device, starting hydraulic fracturing, and turning on testing modules at the same time; and stopping hydraulic fracturing after complete fracture of the specimen, returning oil to an oil tank, opening the airtight chamber to take out the specimen for observation and photographing, and performing data processing and analysis at the same time.

The present disclosure provides a method for distinguishing potassium chlorate from potassium bromate, including the following steps: using a HCHONaHSO.sub.3Na.sub.2SO.sub.3 pH clock system as a distinguishing solution, and distinguishing the potassium chlorate and the potassium bromate according to different responses, namely different induction times, of the pH clock system, caused by the potassium chlorate and the potassium bromate, respectively. In the present disclosure, the pH clock system provided by the distinguishing method has an intuitive graph, and can easily and quickly distinguish the potassium chlorate and the potassium bromate; meanwhile, the distinguishing method has simple equipment, a high accuracy, and easy operation and observation.

Provided are a multi-scale and multi-parameter collaborative testing device and method for true triaxial hydraulic fracturing. The method includes: processing a retrieved rock sample, forming a fracturing port on the top surface of a rock specimen, placing a fracturing pipe in a hole, and connecting the fracturing pipe to a high-pressure water supply pipe; installing and connecting sensors on pressure plates, connecting wires, and turning on testing devices; sealing an airtight chamber, filling oil into the airtight chamber until the airtight chamber is full of oil, and keeping a room temperature constant; turning on a water supply device, starting hydraulic fracturing, and turning on testing modules at the same time; and stopping hydraulic fracturing after complete fracture of the specimen, returning oil to an oil tank, opening the airtight chamber to take out the specimen for observation and photographing, and performing data processing and analysis at the same time.

There is provided a transmission X-ray diffraction (XRD) apparatus, the transmission XRD apparatus including an X-ray source for generating a direct X-ray beam; sample holder for receiving the sample, the sample being positioned to receive the direct X-ray beam when held by the sample holder; a detector for receiving X-rays transmitted through the sample and outputting an X-ray diffraction pattern therefrom; and an optical element positioned between the X-ray source and the detector, the optical element including a Montel optic and a secondary pin-hole collimator collectively adapted to focus the direct X-ray beam on the detector, wherein a ratio between a dimension of the direct X-ray beam projected on the detector and a sample-to-detector distance is equal or smaller than 1/570. Related methods are also provided.

Provided is an in-situ testing apparatus for a material mechanical behavior under neutron and X-ray fusion imaging, belonging to that technical field of material mechanical behavior testing. The in-situ testing apparatus includes a mechanical loading test module, a positioning support module, a variable temperature loading module, an X-ray phase contrast imaging module, and a neutron imaging module. The imaging sensitivity is high by adopting X-ray phase contrast imaging. A moving base can drive spatial positions of modules such as a test cassette and a neutron imaging module. A neutron receiver and a neutron upstream emitter can be matched to the same axis, thus solving the problem that the neutron imaging module and the X-ray imaging are difficult to be integrated into one system.