The present embodiments generally relate to methods of non-destructively imaging plant root damage by insect root herbivores and evaluating the efficacy of insecticidal materials associated with the roots of plants against the insect root herbivores, useful for automated high throughput bioassays.

A method for detecting the maximum potential presence of a material in an object. The method includes obtaining raw x-ray image data comprising a plurality of pixels for the object from an X-ray scanning device, wherein each pixel of the plurality of pixels has associated therewith an attenuation value and an effective atomic number (Z.sub.eff) for the pixel. The method further includes converting, for each pixel having a Z.sub.eff value greater than a threshold effective atomic number (Z.sub.eff-threshold), the Z.sub.eff at the pixel to the Z.sub.eff-threshold while applying a correction factor to the attenuation value for the pixel to bring the attenuation value into correspondence with the conversion of the Z.sub.eff value for the pixel and determining a maximum potential amount of the material present at each pixel based on the corrected attenuation value at the pixel. This renders material more apparent in visual display.

A system for performing computer-assisted image analysis of welds and related methods is disclosed. Digital images are captured at a worksite and sent to a remote image analysis system of a weld analytics system that analyzes images to determine whether the images conform to weld specifications. The remote image analysis system may be trained by artificial intelligence or machine learning.

Described herein are examples of industrial radiography systems that enable rotation of a part about a custom axis that is offset from an actual rotation axis of a rotatable fixture that retains the part. This may be valuable in situations where it is difficult, impractical, and/or impossible to align the center of the part with the center of the rotatable fixture. In some examples, the custom axis rotation may be implemented on existing radiography machines, without requiring physical alteration of the radiography machines, integration of new components into the radiography machines, and/or risk of instability to the part and/or radiography machines.

There are described herein methods and system for generating an inspection image of an object from radiographic imaging. The method comprises obtaining a plurality of digital images of the object positioned between a radiation source and a photon beam detector, the digital images taken at different object-detector distances or source-detector distances to create unique grain diffraction patterns in each one of the digital images, and forming the inspection image from image features common to the digital images at a common scale and removing the unique grain diffraction patterns.

Systems and methods for scatter correction of x-ray images are provided. A scatter image of an object can be corrected using partial-scatter free images acquired using an aperture plate. The plate is positioned between an object and a radiation detector and includes apertures in a grid. The original x-rays pass through the apertures and scattered x-rays can be blocked by the aperture plate. The aperture plate can be moved to different positions, allowing partial scatter-free images to be acquired at each position of the aperture plate. A full scatter-free image can be generated by combining partial scatter-free images. The scatter and scatter-free images can be further used to train scatter correction models.

A method and system are presented for use in X-ray based measurements on patterned structures. The method comprises: processing data indicative of measured signals corresponding to detected radiation response of a patterned structure to incident X-ray radiation, and subtracting from said data an effective measured signals substantially free of background noise, said effective measured signals being formed of radiation components of reflected diffraction orders such that model based interpretation of the effective measured signals enables determination of one or more parameters of the patterned structure, wherein said processing comprises: analyzing the measured signals and extracting therefrom a background signal corresponding to the background noise; and applying a filtering procedure to the measured signals to subtract therefrom signal corresponding to the background signal, resulting in the effective measured signal.

An information acquisition method includes: executing a voxel defining process to divide an area in which a signal source is assumed to be present and define a voxel division V1 specifying resolution of an image; executing a data collecting process to acquire magnetic field data resulting from measurement of a magnetic field generated in the area; and executing a reconstructing process to estimate, by using a mathematical algorithm, a direction and strength of a current of a signal source at a location of each voxel based on the acquired magnetic field data. The reconstructing process includes: calculating a Gram matrix by using a voxel division V2 defined coarser than the voxel division V1; and reconstructing, by using the Gram matrix, a direction and strength of a current of a signal source in the voxel division V1.

A spent and/or decommissioned accumulator treatment plant and process, wherein a plurality of objects originating from separate waste collection of spent and/or decommissioned accumulators, nominally comprising lead-acid accumulators and accumulators and objects of a different type, are subject to an X-ray scan. If an analysis of the X-ray scan indicates that an object is not a lead-acid accumulator, and in particular is a lithium-ion battery or accumulator, it is deviated out of the treatment workflow, that comprises grinding the objects and separating lead from other materials.

Systems and methods for determining a mass of a crop by using at least one X-ray scanner is provided. The method includes obtaining at least two scan images of the crop, where a first of the at least two images is obtained along a first plane relative to the crop and a second of the at least two images is obtained along a second plane relative to the crop, and where the first plane is angularly displaced relative to the second plane, registering the first image and the second image, correcting the registered first and second images, and determining the mass of the crop from the corrected first and second images.