A visualization system and method for a multiphase fluids displacement seepage experiment with large viscosity difference in a complex pore structure. The visualization system includes: an injection pump assembly, a visualized complex pore model, a vacuum pressure pump and an image acquisition device; the system and method are printed by a 3D printing device to form the visualized complex pore model with at least two permeability, and displacement fluid mediums of different viscosities are injected into the visualized complex pore model through different injection pumps during an experiment, so that not only is the penetration of the same viscosity in the complex pore structure with different permeability observed, but also the displacement and plugging effect of different viscosities successively entering the complex pore structure with different permeability is realized.

A visualization system and method for a multiphase fluids displacement seepage experiment with large viscosity difference in a complex pore structure. The visualization system includes: an injection pump assembly, a visualized complex pore model, a vacuum pressure pump and an image acquisition device; the system and method are printed by a 3D printing device to form the visualized complex pore model with at least two permeability, and displacement fluid mediums of different viscosities are injected into the visualized complex pore model through different injection pumps during an experiment, so that not only is the penetration of the same viscosity in the complex pore structure with different permeability observed, but also the displacement and plugging effect of different viscosities successively entering the complex pore structure with different permeability is realized.

The present disclosure discloses a method of substance identification of an item to be inspected using a multi-energy-spectrum X-ray imaging system, the method comprising: acquiring a transparency related vector consisting of transparency values of the item to be inspected in N energy regions, wherein N is greater than 2; calculating distances between the transparency related vector and transparency related vectors stored in the system consisting of N transparency mean values of multiple kinds of items with multiple thicknesses in the N energy regions; and identifying the item to be inspected as the item corresponding to the minimum distance. The present disclosure is based on a multi-energy-spectrum X-ray imaging system, and proposes a method of substance identification by analyzing the multi-energy-spectrum substance identification issue. Compared with the conventional dual-energy X-ray system, the multi-spectrum imaging can significantly improve the system's ability to identify substances in theory, especially in the field of security applications. The improvement of substance identification is important for contraband inspection, such as, drugs, explosives.

A permittivity sensor, for determining an image of a distribution of permittivity of a material of an object in a scene, comprising an input interface, a hardware processor, and an output interface is provided. The input interface is configured to accept phaseless measurements of propagation of a known incident field through the scene and scattered by the material of the object in the scene. The hardware processor is configured to solve a multi-variable minimization problem over unknown phases of the phaseless measurements and unknown image of the permittivity of the material of the object by minimizing a difference of a nonlinear function of the known incident field and the unknown image with a product of known magnitudes of the phaseless measurements and the unknown phases. Further, the output interface is configured to render the permittivity of the material of the object provided by the solution of the multi-variable minimization problem.

A cabinet X-ray image system for obtaining X-ray images and colorized or grey scale density X-ray images of a specimen includes a sampling chamber for containing the specimen, a display, an X-ray system including, an X-ray source, a photon counting X-ray detector, and a specimen platform, and a controller configured to selectively energize the X-ray source, control the photon counting X-ray detector to collect a projection X-ray image of the specimen when the X-ray source is energized, determine the density of different areas of the specimen from data collected from the photon counting X-ray detector of the projection X-ray image, create a density X-ray image of the specimen wherein different areas of the specimen are indicated as a density or range of densities based on the determined density of different areas of the specimen, and selectively display the density X-ray image of the specimen on the display.

According to some aspects, a method is provided comprising generating first monochromatic x-ray radiation at a first energy, directing at least some of the first monochromatic x-ray radiation to irradiate subject matter of interest, detecting at least some of the first monochromatic x-ray radiation transmitted through the subject matter of interest, and determining information about a chemical composition of the subject matter of interest based, at least in part, on the detected first monochromatic x-ray radiation and the first energy.

A calculating unit for calculating a recording trajectory of a CT system has a receive interface, an optimizer and a control unit. The receive interface serves for receiving measurement and simulation data relative to the object to be recorded. The optimizer is configured to determine the recording trajectory based on known degrees of freedom of the CT system, based on the measurement and simulation data and based on a test task from a group having a plurality of test tasks. The control unit is configured to output data in correspondence with the recording trajectory for controlling the CT system.

A method and system for inspection of an item, and a use thereof, are presented. The method comprises acquiring a plurality of projection images of an item at a plurality of projection angles for performing a tomographic reconstruction of the item. A plurality of objects are detected in the tomographic reconstruction and each object has a generic shape described by a parametric three-dimensional numerical model. Said detection comprises determining initial estimates of position and/or orientation of each object and at least one geometrical parameter of the three-dimensional model for each object. The initial estimates are iteratively refining by using a projection-matching approach, in which forward projection images are simulated for the objects according to operating parameters of the radiation imaging device and a difference metric between acquired projection images and simulated forward projection images is reduced at each iteration step.

A human body security inspection apparatus, a method of operating the same, and an associated filter device are disclosed. The human body security inspection apparatus includes a radiation beam exit configured for emitting a radiation beam; a beam guiding box configured for guiding the radiation beam; and a filter device configured between the radiation beam exit and the beam guiding box. The filter device includes a housing and a filter cage having a central axis. The filter cage is formed by arranging two or more pairs of filtering sheets, which are made of different materials and/or have different thicknesses, in an encircling way. The filter cage is rotatable about its central axis such that at least one pair of filtering sheets is capable of filtering the radiation beam to adjust an outputted dosage of the radiation beam of the human body security inspection apparatus.

The method is for quantification of purity of sub-visible particle samples. A sample to be analyzed is place in an electron microscope to obtain an electron microscopy image of the sample. The sample contains objects. The objects that have sizes being different from a size range of primary particles and sizes being within the size range of primary particles are enhanced. The objects are detected as being primary particles or debris. The detected primary particles are excluded from the objects so that the objects contain debris but no primary particles. A first total area (T1) of the detected debris is measured. A second total area (T2) of the detected primary particles is measured.