A battery defect detection device comprises a ray source, a detector, a bearing part, a moving mechanism and a defect detection unit; the moving mechanism is used for adjusting, in a direction parallel to a battery bearing surface, relative positions between the bearing part and the ray source as well as between the bearing part and the detector, such that optical axes of rays emitted by the ray source vertically project to a plurality of target positions on the surface of a battery, respectively; the detector receives the rays penetrating through the battery so as to obtain a plurality of initial images; the defect detection unit is connected to the detector, and the defect detection unit is used for splicing the plurality of initial images so as to obtain a detection image comprising the whole battery, and performing defect detection on the battery on the basis of the detection image.

Apparatuses and methods of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging use a radiation source to stimulate XRF from only a slice of an object by projecting a radiation beam through only the slice. An X-ray detector having a plurality of pixels is provided. A collimator having a plurality of parallel collimator plates is positioned between the object and the X-ray detector. The radiation beam is not parallel to the collimator plates. Neighboring pairs of the collimator plates allow XRF from only respective portions of the slice to reach respective subsets of the pixels. For each of the respective pixel subsets the X-ray detector sums signals generated in the pixel or pixels of the respective subset. The radiation beam is a fan beam or a pencil beam. A pixel pitch of the X-ray detector is an integer multiple of a plate pitch of the collimator.

A method of determining at least one x-ray scanning system geometric property includes the steps of positioning a calibration device inside a scanning chamber of the scanning device, the chamber being intersected by at least one fan beam of x-rays during a scanning operation, measuring a distance between the calibration device and at least one inner wall of the chamber, scanning the calibration device to produce an image of the calibration device, identifying pixels representing the a geometric feature of the calibration device in the image, determining a position and orientation of the pixels representing the geometric feature in the image and, determining a scanning system property based on the position and orientation of the pixels representing the geometric feature in the image. The position and orientation of the feature in the scanning chamber and the x-ray scanning system property may be determined simultaneously.