In one embodiment, a sample surface of a biosensor includes pixel areas and holds a plurality of clusters during a sequence of sampling events such that the clusters are distributed unevenly over the pixel areas. In another embodiment, a biosensor has a sample surface that includes pixel areas and an array of wells overlying the pixel areas, the biosensor including two wells and two clusters per pixel area. The two wells per pixel area include a dominant well and a subordinate well. The dominant well has a larger cross section over the pixel area than the subordinate well. In yet another embodiment, an illumination system is coupled to a biosensor that illuminates the pixel areas with different angles of illumination during a sequence of sampling events, including, for a sampling event, illuminating each of the wells with off-axis illumination to produce asymmetrically illuminated well regions in each of the wells.

The present invention relates to a field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor and to a device including the biosensor for the detection of viral particles and/or fragments thereof. The invention further relates to the in vitro use, a method and a kit including the biosensor and/or device for the diagnosis of viral infections, as well as a process for the preparation of a field-effect transistor biosensor for the detection of viral particles and/or fragments thereof.

In one or more amendments, an apparatus has an ion source and a sensor. The ion source can send a pulse or a pulse chain of ions to a target to cause the target to emit photons. The sensor can detect photons emitted from the target. The pulse or pulse chain of ions have a 10-500 ns pulse width and a current density between 1-10,000 A/cm.sup.2.

The present disclosure relates to an X-ray measuring method and an X-ray measuring device for measuring a strand.

Various examples are provided for x-ray imaging of the microstructure of materials. In one example, a system for non-destructive material testing includes an x-ray source configured to generate a beam spot on a test item; a grid detector configured to receive x-rays diffracted from the test object; and a computing device configured to determine a microstructure image based at least in part upon a diffraction pattern of the x-rays diffracted from the test object. In another example, a method for determining a microstructure of a material includes illuminating a beam spot on the material with a beam of incident x-rays; detecting, with a grid detector, x-rays diffracted from the material; and determining, by a computing device, a microstructure image based at least in part upon a diffraction pattern of the x-rays diffracted from the material.

An imaging apparatus that includes a scanning mirror arrangement, optics, and a detector arrangement comprising a plurality of detectors. The plurality of detectors are capable for detecting submillimeter-/millimeter-range electromagnetic radiation and arranged within a region defined by an outer periphery and an inner periphery of the detector arrangement. The outer and inner peripheries are substantially circular in shape.

A device and system for ultrafast electron diffraction is disclosed. The electron diffraction device includes an electron source, anode, and magnetic lens. A laser probe pulse interacts with electrons from the electron source to generate an electron probe pulse that passes through the anode and diffracts from a sample yielding a diffraction pattern. Data is configured to be collected at one instance using the diffraction pattern to yield a first snapshot of diffractive information. Snapshots may be merged to produce an atomic stroboscopic motion image history of atomic lattice changes. The electron source may include a gas jet with photo-ionizable noble gas atoms to produce photoionized, spin-polarized electrons to form the electron probe pulse when the laser probe pulse impinges upon the electron source.

An X-ray phase imaging apparatus includes an X-ray source; a detector; a plurality of gratings; a rotation mechanism; an image processor configured to generate a phase contrast image and to generate a preview image prior to capture of the phase contrast image; and a controller configured to control function of displaying on a display the preview image, and function of discriminatively displaying on the display an image coverage area for the phase contrast image that is associated with a relative rotation angle between the plurality of gratings and a subject.

In one embodiment, a sample surface of a biosensor includes pixel areas and holds a plurality of clusters during a sequence of sampling events such that the clusters are distributed unevenly over the pixel areas. In another embodiment, a biosensor has a sample surface that includes pixel areas and an array of wells overlying the pixel areas, the biosensor including two wells and two clusters per pixel area. The two wells per pixel area include a dominant well and a subordinate well. The dominant well has a larger cross section over the pixel area than the subordinate well. In yet another embodiment, an illumination system is coupled to a biosensor that illuminates the pixel areas with different angles of illumination during a sequence of sampling events, including, for a sampling event, illuminating each of the wells with off-axis illumination to produce asymmetrically illuminated well regions in each of the wells.

A radiation imaging apparatus is configured to detect a radiation dose in a light reception field selected from among a plurality of light reception fields. The radiation imaging apparatus includes a radiation detection panel including the plurality of light reception fields, each of which includes at least one radiation dose detection element, and a housing configured to accommodate the radiation detection panel and having an incident surface for receiving the radiation. A plurality of indicators is formed on the incident surface and arranged in a matrix pattern, each indicator of the plurality of indicators corresponding to a light reception field of the plurality of light reception fields A display format of a first indicator among the plurality of indicators is a first display format, and a display format of a second indicator among the plurality of indicators is a second display format different from the first display format.