The present disclosure provides a method for detection of soil heavy metal pollution using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology. Based. Based on hardware equipment such as the UAV, XRF analyzer, and embedded equipment, the present disclosure develops an altitude hold module of the system and a ground-contact monitoring module, and assists the UAV to achieve safe and accurate fixed-point hovering, and develops a driving device for data acquisition to replace manual control and realize the automatic acquisition of XRF data. The data inversion method is realized by using embedded equipment, and after the data is acquired by the portable XRF analyzer near the ground, the algorithm research of inversion processing of contents of heavy metal elements in soil is realized, such that the portable XRF analyzer can automatically and accurately detect the contents of heavy metals in soil at a certain distance.

An on-line energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) analyser for mineralogical analysis of material in a process stream or a sample is disclosed. The analyser includes a collimated X-ray source to produce a diverging beam of polychromatic X-rays, and an energy resolving X-ray detector, and a substantially X-ray transparent member having the form of a solid of revolution which is circularly symmetric about a central axis between the collimated X-ray source and the energy resolving X-ray detector, an outer surface of the X-ray transparent member positionable adjacent the material to be analysed. A primary beam collimator is disposed adjacent to or within the substantially X-ray transparent member to substantially prevent direct transmission of polychromatic X-rays emitted from the source to the detector. The analyser is configured such that the diverging beam of polychromatic X-rays are directed towards the substantially X-ray transparent member, and where the energy resolving X-ray detector collects a portion of the beam of X-rays diffracted by the material and outputs a signal containing energy information of the collected, diffracted X-rays.

A coring tool includes a coring bit to cut and detach a core sample from a subsurface formation formed in a borehole. The coring tool includes a pressure vessel that includes a core chamber to store the core sample at a pressure and a piston positioned adjacent to the core chamber. The pressure vessel includes a chamber adjacent to the piston and a gas reservoir to store a gas that expands as the gas is moved to a surface of the borehole. The pressure vessel includes a valve coupled to an inlet of the chamber and an outlet of the gas reservoir, wherein the gas is to flow into the chamber when the valve is open to move the piston to cause an increase in the pressure of the core chamber.

Disclosed is a real-time nondestructive observation and two-phase seepage test system for a fracture of an in-situ fractured gas-bearing reservoir, which comprises a stress loading system, a high-voltage electric pulse fracturing operation system, a water-gas two-phase seepage system and an in-situ CT scanning system; the stress loading system comprises a pressure chamber, an axial pressure loading module and a confining pressure loading module; the high-voltage electric pulse fracturing operation system comprises a high-voltage electric pulse generation module, a high-voltage electric pulse signal monitoring module and a protection module; the water-gas two-phase seepage system comprises a water-gas pressure loading module and a flow data acquisition module; and the in-situ CT scanning system comprises a radiation source, a flat panel detector and a CT scanning detection mechanism.

An apparatus for analyzing a core sample obtained from a subterranean formation includes a neutron generator, a plurality of detectors, a computed tomography scanner, an information processing device, and a transport system. The neutron generator can operate in a pulsed mode and emit neutrons into the core sample.

The non-destructive inspection method includes: a water absorbing or drying step of changing a water-content state of a test piece; a transmission image capturing step of irradiating, with a radiation, the test piece absorbed water or dried for a predetermined time in the water absorbing or drying step and capturing a transmission image created by visualizing the radiation transmitted through the test piece; and an evaluation step of evaluating the test piece on the basis of the water-content state of the test piece determined from the transmission image captured in the transmission image capturing step.

A method for determining a stratigraphic anomaly in a subsurface of the earth includes receiving raw data x, assigning the rock samples to corresponding stratigraphic units of the subsurface, transforming the raw data x to a centred log-ratios clr(x) dataset, calculating p-values with a pairwise sum rank test between populations of the centred log-ratios clr(x) dataset, selecting a set of fingerprint elements from the elements of the rock samples, converting raw concentrations corresponding to the set of fingerprint elements to isometric log-ratios ilr data, determining a number of ilr sub-populations within each stratigraphic unit, applying mixture discriminant analysis to the isometric log-ratios ilr data, using the ilr sub-populations to calculate posterior probabilities of the rock samples, and identifying the stratigraphic anomaly based on the posterior probabilities.

A sample collection device is composed of a conductive polymer. The conductive polymer includes a mixture of carbon nanotubes and a polymer. The sample collection device has a hole at a tip of the sample collection device with the hole having a size ranging from about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm.

A wide area cosmogenic neutron sensor is used for detecting moisture within a measurement surface. A neutron detector is positioned on a stand structure holding the detector above a measurement surface. A moderator material and neutron shield are positioned around at least a portion of the neutron detector. The neutron shield substantially covers an entirety of a bottom of the neutron detector and is not positioned on a top side of the neutron detector. Wide area cosmogenic neutrons propagating from the measurement surface travel through an air space before arriving at the moderated neutron detector.

This disclosure presents systems and processes to collect elemental composition of target fluid and solid material located downhole of a borehole. Waveguides can be utilized that include capillary optics to deliver emitted high energy into a container or a conduit and then to detect the high energy. A source waveguide can be used to emit the high energy into the target fluid and a detector waveguide can collect resulting measurements. Each waveguide can include a protective sheath and a pressure cap on the end of the capillary optics that are proximate the target fluid, to protect against abrasion and target fluid pressure. In other aspects, a pulsed neutron tool can be utilized in place of the waveguides to collect measurements. The collected measurements can be utilized to generate chemical signature results that can be utilized to determine the elemental composition of the target fluid or of the solid material.