A method for the inspection of contained flowable materials within containers, such as detecting an explosive liquid in a luggage, and an apparatus for performing the method are described. The method includes the steps of: performing a radiation scan, using X-rays or Gamma rays, of a target item container of contained flowable material in a radiation scanning system to derive a spatially distributed and spectroscopically resolved measured dataset of the intensity of radiation emergent from the target item; considering the spatially distributed and spectroscopically resolved dataset of transmitted radiation intensity to be nominally determined in accordance with a relationship: [O].Math.[]=[] where the operators [] and [] define, respectively, physical parameters describing the liquid and the container and the system response and the operator [O] defines the relationships between the system response and the liquid and container parameters; numerically processing the measured dataset by operator inversion in order to derive a best fit solution of: []=[O].sup.1.Math.[]; and using that derived solution to determine the threat status of the target item.

A single-piece hybrid droplet generator and nozzle component for serial crystallography. The single-piece hybrid droplet generator component including an internally-formed droplet-generation channel, an internally-formed sample channel, a nozzle, and a pair of electrode chambers. The droplet-generation channel extends from a first fluid inlet opening to the nozzle. The sample channel extends from a second fluid inlet opening to the droplet-generation channel and joins the droplet-generation channel at a junction. The nozzle is configured to eject a stream of segmented aqueous droplets in a carrier fluid from the droplet-generation channel through a nozzle opening of the single-piece component. The pair of electrode chambers are positioned adjacent to the droplet-generation channel near the junction between the droplet-generation channel and the sample channel. The timing of sample droplets in the stream of fluid ejected through the nozzle is controlled by applying a triggering signal to electrodes positioned in the electrode chambers of the single-piece component.

A system for analyzing a fluid includes or uses a movable flow cell assembly being disposed in an analysis location on a wall of an analysis instrument and being configured to be retained by a locking assembly on a first surface of the wall. The system includes a probe head assembly located on an opposed second surface of the wall, the probe head assembly to direct an X-ray source to analyze the fluid in a static state in the movable flow cell assembly or in a flow mode through the movable flow cell assembly. The movable flow cell assembly and the probe head assembly are in electro-magnetic communication for elemental analysis of the fluid using the X-ray source when the movable flow cell assembly is retained by the locking assembly on the first surface of the wall.

Provided is a sample holder for an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, which enables measurement of a liquid sample that is in a small amount and cannot be dropped and dried, when the measurement is performed with a tube-above optics X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The sample holder for an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer includes: a first substrate including: a support substrate having a hole in which a liquid sample is placed; a first polymer film, which is bonded to a surface of the support substrate on an X-ray incident side so as to cover the hole; and an adhesive layer, which is provided on a back surface of the surface of the support substrate to which the first polymer film is bonded; and a second substrate including: a fixed substrate having a hole at a position corresponding to the hole of the support substrate; and a second polymer film, which is bonded to a surface of the fixed substrate on the X-ray incident side, the second substrate being bonded to the first substrate with the adhesive layer.

The weight of cellulose containing materials, including paper, cardboard, cotton fabrics and unprocessed wood will increase significantly when exposed to a novel form of energy, which the inventor has termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). This energy is comparable to what is commonly termed a universal life force in traditional Chinese medicine and what is also attributed to the beneficial health effects of certain naturally occurring and processed drinking water. These waters are sometime referred to as being energized, activated, micro-clustered, etc. The present invention describes a way to quantitatively assess the KELEA emitting activity of these beneficial waters, as well as other fluids, including gasoline and diesel fuels. The fluids can be monitored, even when contained in a sealed container, such as a mini-hot water bag.

A system for analyzing a fluid includes an integrated fluid-electric cabinet having a fluid compartment and an electronic compartment. The fluid compartment and an electronic compartment are separated from one another by a partition wall. The partition wall includes opposed first and second surfaces. A flow cell assembly is disposed in the fluid compartment and is configured to be mounted on the first surface side of the partition wall. A probe head assembly is disposed in the electronic compartment and is mounted on the opposed second surface side of the partitioned wall. Both of the flow cell assembly and the probe head assembly are configured to be in electro-magnetic communication with one another for elemental analysis of the fluid such that the probe head assembly utilizes an X-ray source to analyze the fluid in a static mode or in flow mode through the flow cell assembly.

The present disclosure relates to a liquid chip for an electron microscope including a lower chip, an upper chip, and a liquid channel part for supplying a liquid sample, and may attach a transmissive thin film part of a graphene material having excellent bulging resistance to a plurality of holes formed in a liquid channel part to increase the thickness of a support not serving as a transmissive window thicker than the conventional one, thereby minimizing the loss of a spatial resolution and also suppressing the bulging phenomenon of the transmissive window while supplying the liquid sample more stably.

Further, the present disclosure may form an electrode which may be connected with an external electrical supply source in the liquid channel part, thereby analyzing electrochemical or thermochemical reaction of the liquid sample in the liquid channel part in real time.

A sample handling apparatus/technique/method for a material analyze including a sample carrier for presenting a pressurized sample (e.g., LPG) to a sample focal area of the analyzer; a removable fixture for charging the pressurized sample into the sample carrier; the removable fixture including at least one port to provide sample to and from the fixture and carrier. The sample handling apparatus may include a retainer, wherein the sample carrier is removeably combined with the fixture using the retainer, the apparatus being insertable into the analyzer for sample analysis; and wherein the retainer includes an aperture for presenting the sample to the focal area from a filmed, lower end of the carrier in proximity therewith.

A process for optimising the removal of calcium from a hydrocarbon feedstock in a refinery desalting process, the refinery desalting process comprising the following steps: (a) mixing one or more wash water streams with one or more hydrocarbon feedstock streams; (b) at least partially separating the wash water from the hydrocarbons in a refinery desalter; and (c) removing the separated water and hydrocarbons from the refinery desalter as one or more desalted hydrocarbon streams and one or more effluent water streams; the process optimisation comprising: (i) providing at least one x-ray fluorescence analyser at at least one point in the refinery desalting process; (ii) measuring the concentration of calcium at the at least one point in the process using the at least one x-ray fluorescence analyser; and (iii) optionally adjusting at least one process condition of the refinery desalting process in response to the calcium concentration measurement in step (ii). An apparatus comprises a desalter; a line through which one or more hydrocarbon feedstock streams are passed to the desalter; optionally a line through which one or more wash water streams are passed to the desalter; and one or more x-ray fluorescence analysers configured so as to measure the concentration of calcium in water or hydrocarbons at one or more positions within the apparatus.

A system for analyzing a fluid includes an integrated fluid-electric cabinet having a fluid compartment and an electronic compartment. The fluid compartment and an electronic compartment are separated from one another by a partition wall. The partition wall includes opposed first and second surfaces. A flow cell assembly is disposed in the fluid compartment and is configured to be mounted on the first surface side of the partition wall. A probe head assembly is disposed in the electronic compartment and is mounted on the opposed second surface side of the partitioned wall. Both of the flow cell assembly and the probe head assembly are configured to be in electro-magnetic communication with one another for elemental analysis of the fluid such that the probe head assembly utilizes an X-ray source to analyze the fluid in a static mode or in flow mode through the flow cell assembly.