A method and a test fixture for evaluating a battery cell composed of a cell body having a plurality of electrode foils, a positive terminal and a negative terminal, wherein the positive terminal and the negative terminal are each joined to the cell body at weld junctions. This includes retaining the cell body of the battery cell in a first clamping device. The terminal is grasped in a terminal gripper. A dynamic stress end effector coupled to the terminal gripper applies a vibrational excitation load to the terminal. A static stress end effector applies a static load to the terminal. Integrity of the weld junction is evaluated based upon the applied static load.

A method for producing a steady-state three dimensional shape in a plasma includes filling a space with a gas, ionizing the gas with a radio frequency source to form a plasma, and directing acoustic waves into the plasma from a plurality of acoustic sources. The acoustic waves from each of the plurality of acoustic sources interact to create standing wave pattern forming a three dimensional shape in the plasma.

The present invention discloses a method and device for monitoring state of charge and state of health of a battery, and relates to the technical field of battery. The method comprises: firstly, passing ultrasonic waves through a lithium-ion battery in different SOCs at different charging and discharging currents to obtain acoustic parameters, and then establishing respective corresponding relationships between the acoustic parameters and the lithium-ion battery SOC and SOH; and secondly, monitoring the acoustic parameters of a lithium-ion battery, and then estimating SOC and SOH of the lithium-ion battery by combining the monitored acoustic parameters with the respective corresponding relationships between the acoustic parameters and the lithium-ion battery SOC and SOH. The invention further provides a device implementing the above method. The method and device can monitor the battery SOC and SOH in a brand new way different from the electricity parameter measurement. The method can effectively monitor SOC and SOH of lithium-ion batteries of various types and shapes and thus has a good application prospect.

A rotor arrangement and method by which a time reference is provided for a rotor. The rotor includes N time of arrival features. The method includes steps to: provide a plurality of time of arrival probes spaced apart circumferentially outside the periphery of the rotor; for each revolution of the rotor, measure a time of arrival of each feature at each probe; select N time of arrival measurements at each probe; derive a best fit of the measured times of arrival measured at all the probes against angular position; and set the time reference for the next revolution of the rotor equal to the best fit at the end of the current revolution of the rotor.

Systems and methods of determining physical conditions of a battery, such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), quality of construction, defect, or failure state include driving two or more acoustic signals of two or more amplitudes, each acoustic signal having two or more frequencies, into the battery and detecting vibrations generated in the battery based on the two or more acoustic signals. Nonlinear response characteristics of the battery for the two or more acoustic signals are determined from the detected vibrations. The physical conditions of the battery are determined based at least in part on the nonlinear response characteristics, using nonlinear acoustic resonance spectroscopy (NARS) or nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS).

There are provided an analyte sensor and an analyte sensing method which provide measurements in a wide phase range, a reduction in size, and lowering of current consumption. That is, in an analyte sensor and an analyte sensing method, a detection element (110) which outputs a detection signal in accordance with a change in mass in a detection portion (111) and a reference element (120) which outputs a reference signal in accordance with a change in mass in a reference portion (121) are provided, a phase change value is determined from the detection signal and the reference signal by heterodyne system, and an amount of detection of a target is calculated.

A system and a method of monitoring physical properties of a physical medium over time are provided herein. The method may include the following steps: embedding a plurality of acoustic sensors into a physical medium before curing thereof; transmitting an acoustic wave by at least one transmitter coupled to or embedded within said physical medium; repeatedly calculating, over different points of time, a travel time of said acoustic wave between the at least one transmitter and the plurality of acoustic sensors; and analyzing said travel times, to detect a change over time in physical properties of said physical medium associated with said travel time.

A device for estimating a mechanical property of a sample is disclosed herein. The device may include a chamber configured to hold the sample; a transmitter configured to transmit a plurality of waveforms, including at least one forcing waveform; and a transducer assembly operatively connected to the transmitter and configured to transform the transmit waveforms into ultrasound waveforms. The transducer assembly can also transmit and receive ultrasound waveforms into and out of the chamber, as well as transform at least two received ultrasound waveforms into received electrical waveforms. The device also includes a data processor that can receive the received electrical waveforms; estimate a difference in the received electrical waveforms that results at least partially from movement of the sample; and estimate a mechanical property of the sample by comparing at least one feature of the estimated difference to at least one predicted feature, wherein the at least one predicted feature is based on a model of an effect of the chamber wall. Finally, the device can also include a controller configured to control the timing of the ultrasound transmitter and data processor.

The present disclosure provides a non-invasive and acoustic signal-based approach for examining a quality of SEI formation for any given battery cell and providing an objective assessment thereof. In one example, the objective assessment may be provided as a score that may be referred to as a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) score for a given battery cell. In one aspect, a method includes transmitting acoustic signals through a battery cell via one or more first transducers, receiving response signals in response to the acoustic signals at one or more second transducers, determining a score indicative of quality of SEI formation in the battery cell based on analyzing the response signals, and outputting the score.

A device for estimating a mechanical property of a sample is disclosed herein. The device may include a chamber configured to hold the sample; a transmitter configured to transmit a plurality of waveforms, including at least one forcing waveform; and a transducer assembly operatively connected to the transmitter and configured to transform the transmit waveforms into ultrasound waveforms. The transducer assembly can also transmit and receive ultrasound waveforms into and out of the chamber, as well as transform at least two received ultrasound waveforms into received electrical waveforms. The device also includes a data processor that can receive the received electrical waveforms; estimate a difference in the received electrical waveforms that results at least partially from movement of the sample; and estimate a mechanical property of the sample by comparing at least one feature of the estimated difference to at least one predicted feature, wherein the at least one predicted feature is based on a model of an effect of the chamber wall. Finally, the device can also include a controller configured to control the timing of the ultrasound transmitter and data processor.