An object of the invention is to provide a detection reagent which can detect human metapneumovirus in an actual analyte with an excellent sensitivity. The invention relates to a human metapneumovirus detection reagent characterized by containing an antibody which recognizes the matrix protein of human metapneumovirus, an immunological assay for human metapneumovirus including detecting human metapneumovirus in an analyte with an antibody which recognizes the matrix protein of human metapneumovirus and the like.

An object is to strongly suppress a false negative reaction and a false positive reaction, which cannot be sufficiently suppressed by a conventional method, in detection of an antigen such as a virus, a bacterium, or a protein to be detected in a specimen originated from a body fluid such as a nasal swab specimen, a nasal aspirate specimen, a nasal wash specimen, a blown snot specimen, a pharyngeal swab specimen, or a saliva specimen with a detection reagent utilizing an antigen-antibody reaction or a reaction between substances interacting with each other. The present invention provides a test reagent for detecting a target substance in a specimen by utilizing an antigen-antibody reaction or a binding reaction between substances interacting with each other, comprising a specimen extracting solution containing a chelating agent.

Disclosed herein are plant-based, molecular and diagnostic tools that can be used to block aphid transmission of poleroviruses, including stabilized proteins for expression in transgenic plants and/or in formulations for direct plant delivery. Further disclosed are proteins that can kill aphids and methods to produce these proteins. Antibodies and useful for diagnostic and therapeutic uses against poleroviruses.

Isolated V.sub.HH monoclonal antibodies are disclosed that specifically bind to a Norovirus polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Norovirus is a Genogroup I Norovirus or a Genogroup II Norovirus. In other embodiments, the Norovirus is Norwalk or MD2004 virus. In some embodiments, the monoclonal antibodies specifically bind VP1. Also disclosed are compositions including the disclosed antibodies, nucleic acids encoding these antibodies, expression vectors including the nucleic acids, and isolated host cells that express the nucleic acids. The antibodies and compositions disclosed herein can be used for detecting the presence of a Norovirus in a biological sample, or detecting a Norovirus infection. Also disclosed are methods of treating and/or preventing a NoV infection.

Abstract: We describe a robust human adult distal lung organoid method with a procedure for everting organoids to essentially turn them inside out. This then relocates the apical ACE2-expressing surfaces of cells to the organoid exterior, where they can then be easily infected by SARS-CoV-2 added to the tissue culture medium. Further, this method can be used for infection of any distal lung pathogen that infects apically. Alternatively, if a pathogen interacts basolaterally then eversion is not necessary, and the human adult distal lung organoids can be infected as is.

The present invention provides matched antibody pairs for the specific detection of one or more of the four dengue virus serotypes in a biological sample that may contain one or more of such dengue virus serotypes. Each matched antibody pair is capable of detecting not more than one serotype of dengue virus NS1 protein that may be present in the sample and will not cross react with other serotypes that may be present in the sample. Multiple matched pairs may be used to detect one or more dengue virus serotypes that may be present in a sample. Such matched pair antibodies, facilitate the development of confirmatory in vitro diagnostic tests such as sandwich immunoassays, that detect and distinguish the presence of one or more dengue virus serotypes in a biological sample, preferably a sample derived from human subject. The invention also provides kits comprising the matched antibody pairs of the invention and methods for using the kits for immunoassays for the specific detection of one or more serotypes of dengue virus in a patient population. The present invention also provides monoclonal antibodies specific for the NS1 protein of dengue virus and therapeutic compositions and methods for treating dengue virus infection.

This application describes a fluorogenic nucleic acid kit or composition for quantitative detection of a target ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence in a test sample comprising at least one pair of oligonucleotide probes comprising a photocatalyst probe and a profluorophore probe, wherein one of the photocatalyst probe and the profluorophore probe is complementary to and capable of specifically binding an upstream portion of the target RNA sequence, and the other probe is complementary to and capable of specifically binding to a downstream portion of the target RNA sequence, the photocatalyst probe comprises a first oligonucleotide covalently bound to a photocatalyst, the profluorophore probe comprises a second oligonucleotide covalently bound to a profluorophore, and the photocatalyst is activatable by exposure to light and a reducing agent to form a reduced, activated photocatalyst that, when both probes of the pair are hybridized to the target RNA sequence, is capable of photoreducing the profluorophore to form a detectable fluorophore. The application also describes methods for quantitative detection of target RNA.

The present invention provides an antibody including a structural domain represented by the following amino acid sequence, in an N- to C-direction, N-FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4-C
wherein the antibody further includes a protein molecule bound to the structural domain; the structural domain is capable of binding to a norovirus; FR denotes a framework region amino acid sequence and CDR denotes a complementary determining region amino acid sequence; any one of the following requirements (i)-(iii) is satisfied. Requirement (i): the CDR1 includes an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of not less than 60% with any one of the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 includes an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of not less than 60% with any one of the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 7-SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 includes an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of not less than 60% with any one of the amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 13-SEQ ID NO: 17; Requirement (ii): the CDR1 includes an amino acid sequence in which one-three amino acid(s) of any one of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 6 has/have been substituted, deleted, or added, the CDR2 includes an amino acid sequence in which one-three amino acid(s) of any one of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7-SEQ ID NO: 12 has/have been substituted, deleted, or added, and the CDR3 includes an amino acid sequence in which one-three amino acid(s) of any one of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13-SEQ ID NO: 17 has/have been substituted, deleted, or added; and Requirement (iii): the CDR1 includes any one of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 includes any one of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7-SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 includes any one of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13-SEQ ID NO: 17.

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) and methods for treating or prophylaxis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) therewith (I).

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The instant disclosure discloses an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof binding to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and uses of such antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to create immunoassay methods or devices for PRRSV detection.