According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an improved method for screening of asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection, atrophic gastritis with related risks and/or disturbed gastric function based on whole blood samples, sample collection time and sample storage temperature, as well as relevant biomarker content analysis.

There is provided novel peptides for use in diagnosis of CagA+ H. pylori infection or the prediction of risk for gastric cancer. The peptides bind antibodies from CagA+ H. pylori patients with high specificity and sensitivity, and can be used for example in a diagnostic kit.

A gas sampling bag for gas pH measurement includes a main sampling chamber and an electrochemical test strip accommodating chamber for accommodating an electrochemical test strip. The electrochemical test strip includes a strip body, a working electrode, a pH sensing layer, a reference electrode and a solid water absorption layer. The working electrode has a first part located in a detection area of the strip body. The pH sensing layer is formed on the first part. The reference electrode has a second part located in the detection area. The solid water absorbing layer is formed on the detection area and covers the pH sensing layer and the second part. The solid water absorbing layer is used for absorbing or adsorbing water in the gas sample to form an electrical connection between the first and second parts.

A gas sampling bag for gas pH measurement includes a main sampling chamber and an electrochemical test strip accommodating chamber for accommodating an electrochemical test strip. The electrochemical test strip includes a strip body, a working electrode, a pH sensing layer, a reference electrode and a solid water absorption layer. The working electrode has a first part located in a detection area of the strip body. The pH sensing layer is formed on the first part. The reference electrode has a second part located in the detection area. The solid water absorbing layer is formed on the detection area and covers the pH sensing layer and the second part. The solid water absorbing layer is used for absorbing or adsorbing water in the gas sample to form an electrical connection between the first and second parts.

A method for detecting Helicobacter pylori using an electrochemical test strip, comprising the following steps: making a subject blow a gas sampling bag to obtain a first gas sample, and use an electrochemical test strip to detect the first gas sample to obtain a pH background data; the subject is allowed to consume urea; making the subject blow a gas sampling bag to obtain a second gas sample, and use an electrochemical test strip to detect the second gas sample to obtain a pH detection data; comparing the pH background data and the pH detection data to determine whether the subject's stomach is infected with Helicobacter pylori.

Devices and methods for the detection of antigens are disclosed. Devices and methods for detecting food-borne pathogens are disclosed.

Described herein are methods and systems for detecting and/or distinguishing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease. The methods and systems can utilize the detection of anti-CdtB antibodies and/or anti-vinculin antibodies to detect IBS, distinguish IBS from IBD and/or celiac disease. Further described are methods for selecting a therapy to treat IBS, IBD or celiac disease.

Described herein are methods and systems for distinguishing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease. The methods and systems can utilize the detection of anti-vinculin antibodies and anti-CdtB antibodies to distinguish IBS from IBD and celiac disease. Further described are methods for selecting a therapy to treat IBS, IBD or celiac disease.

A microorganism identification method includes steps of: obtaining a mass spectrum through mass spectrometry of a sample including microorganisms; reading, from the mass spectrum, a mass-to-charge ratio m/z of a peak associated with a marker protein; and identifying which bacterial species of the genus Campylobacter are included in the microorganisms in the sample based on the mass-to-charge ratio m/z. The microorganism identification method is further characterized in that at least one of the following 18 marker proteins is used as the marker protein, S10, L23, S19, L22, L16, L29, S17, L14, L24, S14, L18, L15, L36, S13, S11 (Me), L32, and L7/L12.

There is provided novel peptides for use in diagnosis of CagA+ H. pylori infection or the prediction of risk for gastric cancer. The peptides bind antibodies from CagA+ H. pylori patients with high specificity and sensitivity, and can be used for example in a diagnostic kit.