The present invention provides a method of producing a polysaccharide-protein conjugate with capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F conjugated to a carrier protein. The method includes a prolonged incubation step prior to filtration to remove free polysaccharide.

The present invention generally relates to the field of detecting and preventing infectious diseases caused by Enterococcus faecalis and/or Enterococcus faecium. More specifically, the invention relates to an Enterococcus faecalis and/or Enterococcus faecium antigen which comprises at least one unit having the following general formula: ##STR00001##

It is intended to provide a method and an immunochromatographic device, which are capable of measurement with sufficient sensitivity by performing a nitrous acid extraction treatment over a sufficient period of time in an immunochromatography method of extracting and measuring a sugar chain antigen by nitrous acid extraction on an immunochromatographic test piece. The present invention provides an immunochromatographic device comprising an immunochromatographic test piece for extracting and measuring a sugar chain antigen in a specimen, and a container which stores the test piece, the immunochromatographic device having a specimen addition port in a sample pad of the test piece, the immunochromatographic test piece comprising: a sample pad to which a specimen mixed with nitrite or an acid solution is added; a label region comprising a labeled antibody obtained by labeling an antibody against the sugar chain antigen; and a detection region on which the antibody against the sugar chain antigen is immobilized, wherein an antibody-sugar chain antigen-labeled antibody complex is formed in the detection region to measure the sugar chain antigen, and the immunochromatographic test piece having a region impregnated with a neutralizing reagent upstream of the label region, and further having a region impregnated with a solid acid reagent when the specimen mixed with the nitrite is used, or a region impregnated with nitrite when the specimen mixed with the acid solution is used, upstream of the region impregnated with the neutralizing reagent, wherein the immunochromatographic device (i) has a wide specimen addition port for promoting the extraction of the sugar chain antigen with the nitrite and the solid acid reagent by retaining an added specimen sample solution and supplying the specimen sample solution in a short time to the region impregnated with the solid acid reagent or the nitrite, and (ii) has no space between the addition port and the sample pad so as to prevent the sample from escaping from the addition port.

The invention relates to the detection of biomarkers, and methods, compositions and kits for the detection of such biological markers for diagnosing various conditions, such as cancer. In particular, the invention relates to the detection of compounds as diagnostic and prognostic markers for detecting cancer, such as oesophago-gastric cancer.

The instant invention provides various formulations comprising combinations of immunostimulating oligonucleotides, polycationic carriers, sterols, saponins, quaternary amines, TLR-3 agonists, glycolipids, and MPL-A or analogs thereof in oil emulsions, use thereof in preparations of immunogenic compositions and vaccines, and use thereof in the treatment of animals.

The present invention provides compositions and methods that can be used to determine a peptide signature for an antibody repertoire in a sample comprising multiple antibodies. The method can be used to characterize a phenotype in a sample, such as providing a diagnosis, prognosis or theranosis of a medical condition.

Methods of detecting and monitoring the progression of liver disease, including time to death, and methods of treating liver disease, in a mammal are provided.

The subject invention provides materials and methods that effectively support innate immunity and/or disperse pathogenic biofilms using readily available, nontoxic, natural substances, while supporting restoration of normal microbiotic homeostasis. In one embodiment, the subject invention provides anti-biofilm compositions comprising one or more probiotic organisms, anti-microbial honey, and other ingredients such as prebiotic compounds, other hive products, green tea derivatives, other plant derivatives, and vitamin D3.

The disclosure provides molecules with an affinity for (or an ability to bind to), sialic acid, for use in compositions, medicaments and methods for the treatment of sepsis, its symptoms and sepsis associated pathologies and immune responses.

The invention relates to a method for identification and discrimination of bacteria and/or mutant bacterial strains in a biological fluid. The method includes illuminating the biological fluid with a beam of light; obtaining Raman data from light scattered from the illuminated biological fluid; and finding Raman signatures corresponding to each type of bacteria and/or mutant bacterial strains from the obtained Raman data, so as to identify and discriminate each type of bacteria and/or mutant bacterial strains in the biological fluid from the Raman signatures.