Provided are systems and methods for using laser interferometry to measure moving objects. Systems provided include laser interferometry systems comprising: a laser emitter configured to emit a laser beam; a beam splitter configured to split the emitted laser beam into a first split beam directed towards a deflector and a second split beam, wherein the first split beam comprises a first beam diameter and a second beam diameter, the first beam diameter being greater than the second beam diameter, and the second split beam comprises a third beam diameter and a fourth beam diameter, the third split beam diameter being greater than the fourth beam diameter; and a deflector configured to deflect the first split beam to intersect with the first split beam, wherein the first beam diameter and the third beam diameter are parallel.

A mouse including a housing, an image sensing element, a lens, or a laser Doppler cursor positioning sensor; a light-transmitting hole is located where the housing is intersected with a third plane, the third plane is defined by an edge intersecting a first plane and a second plane and a halving line of an angle of the first plane and the second plane; a light source is provided and configured to emit a light beam from the light-transmitting region to the working surface, and the lens is configured to focus a reflected light of the light beam on the working surface to be transmitted to the image sensing element through the light-transmitting hole; or the laser Doppler cursor positioning sensor is configured to project a light from the light-transmitting region to the working surface, and a reflected light is also fed back to the sensor through the light-transmitting hole.

The invention relates to a method and system for monitoring at least one parameter of an object. There is provided an imaging system for monitoring at least one parameter of movement of a moving object, the system comprises at least one imaging unit comprising an optical transformer configured and operable for applying spatial image space transformation of at least one parameter of movement into geometric relation, by translating different components of six degrees of freedom of movement in a three-dimensional space into a lateral translation; wherein the imaging unit is configured and operable for imaging the moving object on an image plane and generating image data indicative of the moving object in an x-y plane; the imaging system generating motion data indicative of the six degrees of freedom of movement.

A mouse including a housing, an image sensing element, a lens, or a laser Doppler cursor positioning sensor; a light-transmitting hole is located where the housing is intersected with a third plane, the third plane is defined by an edge intersecting a first plane and a second plane and a halving line of an angle of the first plane and the second plane; a light source is provided and configured to emit a light beam from the light-transmitting region to the working surface, and the lens is configured to focus a reflected light of the light beam on the working surface to be transmitted to the image sensing element through the light-transmitting hole; or the laser Doppler cursor positioning sensor is configured to project a light from the light-transmitting region to the working surface, and a reflected light is also fed back to the sensor through the light-transmitting hole.

A computer-implemented method includes: receiving, by a computing device, data corresponding to a dynamic speckle spectrum image associated with a biological sample; comparing, by the computing device, the dynamic speckle spectrum image with a plurality of training images; classifying, by the computing device, a contaminant present in the biological sample, based on the comparing; and providing, by the computing device, information regarding the classification of the contaminant.

An apparatus for measuring fluid speed by using the refraction of light is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a channel in which a passage is formed to allow the flow of a fluid; a first and a second light source that are located in any one region of an upper part and a lower part of the channel; a sensor installed in an opposite region of the region where the first and second light sources are located with respect to the channel, to receive the light emitted from the first and second light sources; a speed calculation unit configured to calculate a speed of the fluid by using the intensity of the light received at the sensor.

A measuring device measures a displacement amount or a speed of a measured object, the measuring device including an irradiation optical system that irradiates the measured object, a collection optical system that collects a first beam and a second beam emitted from the measured object so as to overlap the first beam and the second beam on each other, a first detector that detects superimposed light in which the first beam and the second beam are superimposed on each other, and a second detector that detects a partial beam of the emitted beam emitted from the collection optical system. A detection result of the second detector changes according to a distance between the measuring device and the measured object.

Disclosed herein are electronic devices having touch input surfaces. A user's touch input or press on the touch input surface is detected using a set of lasers, such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) that emit beams of light toward the touch input surface. The user's touch causes changes in the self-mixing interference within the VCSEL of the emitted light with reflected light, such as from the touch input surface. Deflection and movement (e.g., drag motion) of the user's touch is determined from detected changes in the VCSELs' operation due to the self-mixing interference.

A velocimeter configured to detect light modulated by a moving object with a Doppler effect and measure a velocity of the object includes a detector configured to detect the light, and a processor configured to perform binarization of a signal obtained by the detector, and measure a time duration over a predetermined number of pulse intervals in the signal obtained by the binarization to obtain a measurement value of the velocity. The processor is configured to determine the measurement value as an error based on a change in an index relating to the time duration.

A method, apparatus, and system detects a speed of a vehicle. A backscatter light generated in response to transmitting a laser beam into an atmosphere during movement of the vehicle is received. A first beat frequency from interfering a first portion of the backscatter light with a reference light derived from the laser beam is measured. A time delay is introduced to a second portion of the backscatter light to form a time delayed backscatter light. A second beat frequency from interfering the time delayed backscatter light with the reference light is measured. The second beat frequency is time delayed from the first beat frequency. A difference between the first beat frequency and the second beat frequency is determined. The speed of the vehicle using the difference between the first beat frequency and the second beat frequency is determined.