A method for controlling gas dynamic spraying includes providing a particle jet by using an accelerating nozzle, illuminating the particle jet with illuminating light pulses, capturing images of the particle jet illuminated with the illuminating light pulses, and determining one or more velocity values by analyzing the captured images,
wherein the images are captured by using an imaging unit which includes imaging optics to form an optical image of an object plane on an image sensor by focusing light, wherein an optical axis of the imaging unit is inclined with respect to a central axis of the nozzle, and wherein the image sensor is inclined with respect to the optical axis such that the object plane is substantially parallel with a direction of movement of particles of the particle jet.

A method for controlling gas dynamic spraying includes providing a particle jet by using an accelerating nozzle, illuminating the particle jet with illuminating light pulses, capturing images of the particle jet illuminated with the illuminating light pulses, and determining one or more velocity values by analyzing the captured images,
wherein the images are captured by using an imaging unit which includes imaging optics to form an optical image of an object plane on an image sensor by focusing light, wherein an optical axis of the imaging unit is inclined with respect to a central axis of the nozzle, and wherein the image sensor is inclined with respect to the optical axis such that the object plane is substantially parallel with a direction of movement of particles of the particle jet.

Examples are disclosed that relate to motion compensation on a single photon avalanche detector (SPAD) array camera. One example provides a method enacted on an imaging device comprising a SPAD array camera and a motion sensor, the SPAD array camera comprising a plurality of pixels. The method comprises acquiring a plurality of subframes of image data. Each subframe of image data comprises a binary value for each pixel. Based upon motion data from the motion sensor, the method further comprises determining a change in pose of the imaging device between adjacent subframes, applying a positional offset to a current subframe based upon the motion data to align a location of a stationary imaged feature in the current subframe with a location of the stationary imaged feature in a prior subframe to create aligned subframes, summing the aligned subframes to form an image, and outputting the image.

Examples are disclosed that relate to motion compensation on a single photon avalanche detector (SPAD) array camera. One example provides a method enacted on an imaging device comprising a SPAD array camera and a motion sensor, the SPAD array camera comprising a plurality of pixels. The method comprises acquiring a plurality of subframes of image data. Each subframe of image data comprises a binary value for each pixel. Based upon motion data from the motion sensor, the method further comprises determining a change in pose of the imaging device between adjacent subframes, applying a positional offset to a current subframe based upon the motion data to align a location of a stationary imaged feature in the current subframe with a location of the stationary imaged feature in a prior subframe to create aligned subframes, summing the aligned subframes to form an image, and outputting the image.

A travel speed sensing system includes an optical sensor configured to be coupled to a welding torch. The optical sensor is configured to sense light incident on the optical sensor, and the travel speed sensing system is configured to determine a travel speed of the welding torch, a direction of the welding torch, or both, based on the sensed light.

A travel speed sensing system includes an optical sensor configured to be coupled to a welding torch. The optical sensor is configured to sense light incident on the optical sensor, and the travel speed sensing system is configured to determine a travel speed of the welding torch, a direction of the welding torch, or both, based on the sensed light.

A method for determining a rotational speed of a rotatably mounted component of a machine is disclosed, wherein image data of a marked region of the machine component are obtained in the form of a plurality of frames via a video camera, and the image data are evaluated, in order to determine the periodicity of the rotation of the machine component from the change over time of the image data in the frames of the machine component. The video camera is configured by selecting an active region for obtaining the image data from the total number of pixels of the video camera, in which an observation area is imaged, which is passed through by the marked region during the rotation of the machine component, wherein the active region comprises only a portion of the total number of pixels of the video camera, to increase the frame rate correspondingly.

A method for determining a rotational speed of a rotatably mounted component of a machine is disclosed, wherein image data of a marked region of the machine component are obtained in the form of a plurality of frames via a video camera, and the image data are evaluated, in order to determine the periodicity of the rotation of the machine component from the change over time of the image data in the frames of the machine component. The video camera is configured by selecting an active region for obtaining the image data from the total number of pixels of the video camera, in which an observation area is imaged, which is passed through by the marked region during the rotation of the machine component, wherein the active region comprises only a portion of the total number of pixels of the video camera, to increase the frame rate correspondingly.

A displacement meter for suppressing errors occurring in sub-pixel estimation, comprising: alight source that illuminates an object; an image pickup unit for receiving diffused-reflected light from the object; and a calculation unit for calculating the a displacement amount of the object by using sub-pixel estimation and the cross-correlation function between reference image data and measurement image data, wherein an image acquired during a predetermined timing from the imaging unit serves as the reference image data and an image acquired during the next timing serves as the measurement image data, generates a correction displacement amount by subtracting a correction value from the displacement amount, sets the most recent measurement image data as the reference image data and sets a predetermined initial value as the correction value if the displacement amount meets a predetermined condition, and else sets the displacement amount obtained most recently as the correction value.

A displacement meter for suppressing errors occurring in sub-pixel estimation, comprising: alight source that illuminates an object; an image pickup unit for receiving diffused-reflected light from the object; and a calculation unit for calculating the a displacement amount of the object by using sub-pixel estimation and the cross-correlation function between reference image data and measurement image data, wherein an image acquired during a predetermined timing from the imaging unit serves as the reference image data and an image acquired during the next timing serves as the measurement image data, generates a correction displacement amount by subtracting a correction value from the displacement amount, sets the most recent measurement image data as the reference image data and sets a predetermined initial value as the correction value if the displacement amount meets a predetermined condition, and else sets the displacement amount obtained most recently as the correction value.