Present embodiments pertain to systems, apparatuses, and methods for analyzing and reporting rotational or reciprocating movements in mechanical structures, machines, and machine components, including measuring the speed of rotation or reciprocation of a component on the structure, through the use of an acquired video recording representing a plurality of cycles of motion, by measuring intensity values of a subset of pixels contained in a region of interest within the video recording in a plurality of frames of the video recording, thereby determining distance per time period of rotational or reciprocal motion of a machine or machine component, and the application of numerical algorithm to the repeating patterns in the intensity waveform enables the determination of the average speed value or with the use of a gear wheel or graduated tape, instantaneous values for speed can be derived and the torsional vibration characteristics of the component determined.

A method of determining geo-reference data for a portion of a measurement area includes providing a monitoring assembly comprising a ground station, providing an imaging assembly comprising an imaging device with a lens operably coupled to an aerial device, hovering the aerial device over a measurement area, capturing at least one image of the measurement area within the imaging device, transmitting the at least one image to the ground station using a data transmitting assembly, and scaling the at least one image to determine the geo-reference data for the portion of the measurement area by calculating a size of a field-of-view (FOV) of the lens based on a distance between the imaging device and the measurement area.

A method of determining geo-reference data for a portion of a measurement area includes providing a monitoring assembly comprising a ground station, providing an imaging assembly comprising an imaging device with a lens operably coupled to an aerial device, hovering the aerial device over a measurement area, capturing at least one image of the measurement area within the imaging device, transmitting the at least one image to the ground station using a data transmitting assembly, and scaling the at least one image to determine the geo-reference data for the portion of the measurement area by calculating a size of a field-of-view (FOV) of the lens based on a distance between the imaging device and the measurement area.

An encoder includes a code disc and a processor communicatively coupled with the code disc. The code disc is configured to rotate along with a rotating object and includes a plurality of fan teeth extending radially. One of the plurality of fan teeth is different from other ones of the plurality of fan teeth, and the other ones of the fan teeth are same to each other. A first portion of a detection signal that is generated in one rotation of the code disc, corresponding to the one of the plurality of fan teeth, is different from a second portion of the detection signal, corresponding to each of the other ones of the fan teeth. The processor is configured to detect the rotation of the code disc to obtain the detection signal and a rotation parameter of the rotating object based on the detection signal.

An encoder includes a code disc and a processor communicatively coupled with the code disc. The code disc is configured to rotate along with a rotating object and includes a plurality of fan teeth extending radially. One of the plurality of fan teeth is different from other ones of the plurality of fan teeth, and the other ones of the fan teeth are same to each other. A first portion of a detection signal that is generated in one rotation of the code disc, corresponding to the one of the plurality of fan teeth, is different from a second portion of the detection signal, corresponding to each of the other ones of the fan teeth. The processor is configured to detect the rotation of the code disc to obtain the detection signal and a rotation parameter of the rotating object based on the detection signal.

The method and apparatus for a remote weapon station or incorporated into manually-aimed weapons. The methodology requires use of a muzzle velocity sensor that refines the aiming of the second and subsequent fires or volleys fired from weapon systems. When firing the first volley a weapon uses an estimated velocity and, at firing, the muzzle velocity of a projectile is measured. When firing the second volley a weapon's fire control calculates an aiming point using the measured velocity of the first volley.

Aspects of the present invention relate to an imaging system (1) for a towing vehicle (V1). The imaging system (1) includes a processor configured to determine a reference speed (Vref) of the towing vehicle (V1). First image data (D1) is received from a first imaging device (C1); and second image data (D2) is received from a second imaging device (C2). The first imaging device (C1) may be disposed on the towing vehicle (V1); and the second imaging device (C2) may be disposed on a towed vehicle (V2). A first scaling factor (SF1, SF2) is applied to the second image data (D2) to generate scaled second image data (D2). The first scaling factor (SF1, SF2) is determined in dependence on the determined reference speed (Vref) of the towing vehicle (V1). Composite image data (D3) is generated by combining at least a part of the scaled second image data (D2) with at least a part of the first image data (D1). The composite image data (D3) is output for display on a display screen (10). Aspects of the present invention also relate a vehicle (V1) having an image system (1); a method of generating a composite image (IMG3); and a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

Aspects of the present invention relate to an imaging system (1) for a towing vehicle (V1). The imaging system (1) includes a processor configured to determine a reference speed (Vref) of the towing vehicle (V1). First image data (D1) is received from a first imaging device (C1); and second image data (D2) is received from a second imaging device (C2). The first imaging device (C1) may be disposed on the towing vehicle (V1); and the second imaging device (C2) may be disposed on a towed vehicle (V2). A first scaling factor (SF1, SF2) is applied to the second image data (D2) to generate scaled second image data (D2). The first scaling factor (SF1, SF2) is determined in dependence on the determined reference speed (Vref) of the towing vehicle (V1). Composite image data (D3) is generated by combining at least a part of the scaled second image data (D2) with at least a part of the first image data (D1). The composite image data (D3) is output for display on a display screen (10). Aspects of the present invention also relate a vehicle (V1) having an image system (1); a method of generating a composite image (IMG3); and a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

Fixed-element, digital-optical measuring devices are disclosed, as are methods for using these devices. The measuring devices have two separate optical pathways with fixed elements that produce a stereo image. The optical pathways may include mirrors, prisms, beam splitters, and other such elements, or two digital sensors may be used. Image distance between stereo copies of a point of interest in the stereo image is measured digitally and converted to a physical distance from the measuring device. The conversion may be done with a non-trigonometric function, such as a function created using empirical data. In some cases, the function may be a function-of-functions that provides a calibration for a number of different lens focal lengths.

Provided is an electronic apparatus including a vision sensor of an event-driven type including a sensor array having a sensor that generates an event signal when detecting a change of an incident light intensity, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that is displaced together with the vision sensor, and a correction process section that corrects a measurement result from the IMU or an estimated value based on the measurement result from the IMU, according to the frequency of the event signals.