A gases humidification system includes a measuring chamber and a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber has one or more mixing elements that improve a mixing of gases before reaching the measuring chamber. Ultrasonic sensing is used to measure gases properties or characteristics within the measuring chamber. A baffle or a vane may be used to control and direct the gases flow through the mixing chamber as the gases flow moves into the measuring chamber.

Wind sensor devices, systems, and methods are provided in accordance with various embodiments. The wind sensor device may include: a first support ring; a second support ring; a first transducer coupled with the first support ring; a second transducer coupled with the first support ring; a third transducer coupled with the second support ring; and a fourth transducer coupled with the second support ring. A center of a face of the first transducer, a center of a face of the second transducer, a center of a face of the third transducer, and a center of a face of the fourth transducer may form four vertices of a tetrahedron, which may include an equilateral tetrahedron. The first transducer, the second transducer, the third transducer, and the fourth transducer are generally directed away from a center of the tetrahedron.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to detecting turbulence of an airstream over an airfoil surface of an aircraft using a sequence of acoustic transducers attached to the airfoil surface of the aircraft along a path. Each of the sequence of acoustic transducers is configured to detect acoustic waves indicative of airstream condition proximate the acoustic transducer. A processor is configured to determine, for each of the sequence of acoustic transducers, a level of turbulence of the airstream proximate the acoustic transducer.

A method of measuring a flow rate of a fluid flowing along a path, the method comprising: transmitting successive pairs of periodic signals through the fluid, the respective signals of each pair being transmitted in opposite directions along, and from opposite ends of, the path; determining a difference in propagation times of each signal of each pair along the path; and determining a flow rate of fluid along the path based on the difference in propagation times of the signals of each pair along the path; wherein a phase of each signal is altered with respect to a phase of at least one other signal transmitted along the path.

An acoustic airspeed sensor system can include at least one acoustic transmitter configured to provide an acoustic pulse, a plurality of acoustic receivers including at least a first acoustic receiver, a second acoustic, receiver, and a third acoustic receiver, each positioned at a first radial distance from the at least one acoustic transmitter. The first acoustic receiver, the second acoustic receiver, and the third acoustic receiver are each configured to receive the acoustic pulse at a first time, a second time, and a third time, respectively, and output a first receiver signal, a second receiver signal, and a third receiver signal respectively. The system can include a computation unit operatively connected to the acoustic receivers and configured to generate a propagation function. The computation unit is further configured to determine true air speed based upon a receiver signals and the propagation function.

A method of determining a measure of wave speed or intensity in a fluid conduit uses ultrasound measurements to determine the conduit diameter and fluid velocity in a volume element, each as a function of time, and each at a same longitudinal position of the conduit. The ultrasound measurement to determine fluid velocity is effected by tracking objects within the fluid flow in successive frames sampling the volume element, and obtaining displacement vectors for the objects. A wave speed may be determined from a ratio of the change in fluid velocity at the longitudinal position as a function of time and the change in a logarithmic function of the conduit diameter as a function of time. A measure of wave intensity may be determined as a function of change in determined conduit diameter and corresponding change in fluid velocity.

A method of determining a measure of wave speed or intensity in a fluid conduit uses ultrasound measurements to determine the conduit diameter and fluid velocity in a volume element, each as a function of time, and each at a same longitudinal position of the conduit. The ultrasound measurement to determine fluid velocity is effected by tracking objects within the fluid flow in successive frames sampling the volume element, and obtaining displacement vectors for the objects. A wave speed may be determined from a ratio of the change in fluid velocity at the longitudinal position as a function of time and the change in a logarithmic function of the conduit diameter as a function of time. A measure of wave intensity may be determined as a function of change in determined conduit diameter and corresponding change in fluid velocity.

Systems and devices for airflow measurements in rooms and air delivery ducts with low-cost, low-power, accurate, calibration-free, and compact wireless airflow sensors are provided. The system uses room and duct flow sonic anemometers and processing to measure air velocities and temperatures as well as allow control over the environmental conditioning systems. The anemometers use arrays of transmitter/receivers to simultaneously measure multiple sound paths and determine velocity vectors and volumetric flow paths. By transmitting in both directions along the paths between transceivers, differential times of flight (TOF) are measured. These determine both the velocity and temperature of the air along each path.

Realized is a device capable of measuring a wind speed and a wind direction with high precision while reducing the effect of ambient noise. The device includes an acoustic wave transmitting section that transmits a measurement acoustic wave, an acoustic wave receiving section that receives the measurement acoustic wave transmitted from the acoustic wave transmitting section, a signal selecting section that determines a characteristic of the measurement acoustic wave, and a wind speed calculating section that calculates a wind speed by analyzing a signal received by the acoustic wave receiving section. The signal selecting section selects, as the measurement acoustic wave, an acoustic wave that includes a low-intensity frequency bandwidth selected from a noise signal which the acoustic wave receiving section receives when the measurement acoustic wave is not transmitted.

Wind sensor devices, systems, and methods are provided in accordance with various embodiments. The wind sensor device may include: a first support ring; a second support ring; a first transducer coupled with the first support ring; a second transducer coupled with the first support ring; a third transducer coupled with the second support ring; and a fourth transducer coupled with the second support ring. A center of a face of the first transducer, a center of a face of the second transducer, a center of a face of the third transducer, and a center of a face of the fourth transducer may form four vertices of a tetrahedron, which may include an equilateral tetrahedron. The first transducer, the second transducer, the third transducer, and the fourth transducer are generally directed away from a center of the tetrahedron.