A rotation sensing apparatus includes a detected part, a sensor unit, and a rotation information calculation circuit. The sensor unit includes a first sensor disposed opposite to a first pattern portion, a second sensor disposed opposite to a second pattern portion, a third sensor disposed to be spaced apart from the first sensor in the rotation direction and opposite to the first pattern portion, and a fourth sensor disposed to be spaced apart from the second sensor in the rotation direction and opposite to the second pattern portion. The rotation information calculation circuit is configured to sense the rotation direction, in response to a differential signal, generated based on the first oscillation signal and the second oscillation signal, and an oscillation signal corresponding to maximum and minimum frequencies, from among the first oscillation signal, the second oscillation signal, the third oscillation signal, and the fourth oscillation signal.

A method for controlling the direction of rotation of a fluid machine having an oriented-blade impeller, comprising the following steps:

starting (100) a synchronous electric motor which operates said fluid machine until the synchronous state is reached;

driving (200) said synchronous electric motor at steady state by applying a phase cutting;

applying (300) a phase cutting corresponding to a reference power, wherein said reference power is comprised between a first power required to keep the propeller rotating in a right direction and a second power required to keep the propeller rotating in a wrong direction, which is opposed to the right direction.

Automated systems and methods for collecting environmental data along a ballistic trajectory are disclosed. The systems and methods may comprise automatically estimating the ballistic trajectory of a projectile. The systems and methods may comprise automatically converting the ballistic trajectory into a ballistic flight path comprising a plurality of coordinates. The systems and methods may comprise electronically communicating the ballistic flight path to a guidance system of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The guidance system may be configured to cause the UAV to navigate along the ballistic flight path. The systems and methods may comprise automatically collecting environmental data along the ballistic flight path.

A wheel or wheel assembly for a non-motorized vehicle, such as a shopping cart, is disclosed that detects its direction of rotation. In one embodiment, the wheel assembly includes a plurality of magnets mounted to a rotating portion of the wheel, and includes a magnetic sensor, such as a tunneling magnetoresistance sensor, mounted to a non-rotating portion. As the wheel rotates the magnets produce a varying magnetic field that is sensed by the sensor, which outputs a signal corresponding to the sensed magnetic field. The magnets are arranged—preferably asymmetrically—such that the sensor's output signal differs depending upon whether the wheel is rotating in the clockwise versus counterclockwise direction. A controller analyzes the sensor's output signal to determine the direction of rotation. In another embodiment, the magnets are replaced by conductive targets, and an eddy current sensor is used for the magnetic sensor.

A wheel or wheel assembly for a non-motorized vehicle, such as a shopping cart, is disclosed that detects its direction of rotation. In one embodiment, the wheel assembly includes a plurality of magnets mounted to a rotating portion of the wheel, and includes a magnetic sensor, such as a tunneling magnetoresistance sensor, mounted to a non-rotating portion. As the wheel rotates the magnets produce a varying magnetic field that is sensed by the sensor, which outputs a signal corresponding to the sensed magnetic field. The magnets are arranged—preferably asymmetrically—such that the sensor's output signal differs depending upon whether the wheel is rotating in the clockwise versus counterclockwise direction. A controller analyzes the sensor's output signal to determine the direction of rotation. In another embodiment, the magnets are replaced by conductive targets, and an eddy current sensor is used for the magnetic sensor.

A system for motion analysis includes a sensing device positioned at a knee joint of a bicycle rider, and an electronic device in communication with the sensing device. The electronic device is configured to receive, from the sensing device, a series of pieces of sensed data representing orientations of the sensing device at different times, to determine a motion trajectory of a knee of the rider based on the received pieces of sensed data, and to generate an estimation result regarding correctness of a riding posture of the rider based on the motion trajectory.

A system for motion analysis includes a sensing device positioned at a knee joint of a bicycle rider, and an electronic device in communication with the sensing device. The electronic device is configured to receive, from the sensing device, a series of pieces of sensed data representing orientations of the sensing device at different times, to determine a motion trajectory of a knee of the rider based on the received pieces of sensed data, and to generate an estimation result regarding correctness of a riding posture of the rider based on the motion trajectory.

In one aspect, an integrated circuit (IC) includes a magnetic-field sensor. The magnetic-field sensor includes digital circuitry that includes a first and second analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The digital circuitry is configured to receive a first and second analog output signals and, using the first and second ADC, configured to convert the first and second analog output signals to a first and second digital signals. The magnetic-field sensor also includes diagnostic circuitry configured to receive, from the digital circuitry, an input signal related to the first and/or the second digital signals and configured to provide a test signal at a pin of the IC. In response to a range parameter, the diagnostic circuitry is further configured to provide the test signal comprising a range of codes from the first and/or the second ADC corresponding to the range parameter.

In one illustrative configuration, an air quality monitoring system may enable wide-scale deployment of multiple air quality monitors with high-confidence and actionable data is provided. Further, the air quality monitoring system may enable identifying a target emission from a plurality of potential sources at a site based on simulating plume models. The simulation of plume models may take into consideration various simulation parameters including wind speed and direction. Further, methods of determining a plume flux of a plume of emissions at a site, and methods of transmitting data from an air quality monitor are disclosed.

A wind direction and a wind speed are readily and accurately estimated at a desired position without using a wind direction and velocity sensor. Movement instruction means of a wind estimation system instructs an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which includes a sensor unit that detects information about a position change, to move. Fall control means causes the UAV to free fall after the UAV is moved according to the instruction of the movement instruction means. Estimation means estimates at least one of a wind direction and a wind speed at a fall position based on the information about the position change detected by the sensor unit during a fall of the UAV.