A method and a scanning probe microscope (SPM) for scanning a surface of a material. The method and SPM have a cantilever sensor configured to exhibit both a first spring behavior and a second, stiffer spring behavior. While operating the SPM in contact mode, the sensor is scanned on the material surface and a first spring behavior of the sensor (e.g. a fundamental mode of flexure thereof) is excited by deflection of the sensor by the material surface. Also while operating the SPM in contact mode, excitation means are used to excite a second spring behavior of the sensor at a resonance frequency thereof (e.g. one or more higher-order resonant modes) of the cantilever sensor to modulate an interaction of the sensor and the material surface and thereby reduce the wearing of the material surface.

A measuring head for a nano-indentation instrument, said nano-indentation instrument comprising a positioning system arranged to position a sample relative to the measuring head, the measuring head comprising: a measuring subsystem attached to a frame adapted to be connected to the nano-indentation instrument, the measuring subsystem comprising a first actuator and an indenter adapted to indent a surface of said sample under application of a force applied by the first actuator on the indenter, the measuring subsystem further comprising a force sensing system adapted to detect said force applied by the first actuator; a reference subsystem attached to said frame, the reference subsystem comprising a second actuator, a reference structure in operative connection with the second actuator, and a separation detector adapted to determine a predetermined separation of the reference structure and said surface of said sample.

An instrument changing assembly includes a magazine having one or more probe assembly stations. The assembly further includes at least one probe change tool including a receptacle socket. One or more probe assemblies are retained within the one or more probe assembly stations. The one or more probe assemblies each include a probe receptacle including a probe retention recess and a common socket fitting configured for complementary fitting with a common receptacle socket. The probe change tool is configured to install or extract the respective probes from a mechanical testing instrument according to the complementary fit between the common socket fitting and the common receptacle socket of the probe assemblies. Alternatively, the instrument changing assembly includes an instrument array housing including a plurality of instruments. Each of the one or more instruments (probe and transducer combination) are deployed relative to the instrument array housing with an instrument deployment actuator.

A method for optimizing loop gain of an atomic force microscope (AFM) apparatus includes determining a change in gain of the physical system and adjusting a controller frequency response of the controller in an AFM loop to compensate for the determined change in gain. The AFM loop has a corresponding loop response that includes the product of the controller frequency response and a physical system response of the physical system.

Described herein is the analysis of nanomechanical characteristics of cells. In particular, changes in certain local nanomechanical characteristics of ex vivo human cells can correlate with presence of a human disease, such as cancer, as well as a particular stage of progression of the disease. Also, for human patients that are administered with a therapeutic agent, changes in local nanomechanical characteristics of ex vivo cells collected from the patients can correlate with effectiveness of the therapeutic agent in terms of impeding or reversing progression of the disease. By exploiting this correlation, systems and related methods can be advantageously implemented for disease state detection and therapeutic agent selection and monitoring.

Methods and apparatus for characterizing a sample in situ as to both its mechanical and optical characteristics. The apparatus comprises a reflective microscope with a concave primary mirror and a convex secondary mirror sharing a common optical axis, and an actuator vignetted by the convex secondary mirror for applying a force to a nanoprobe in a direction having a component along the common optical axis. The apparatus may addition include a source for generating an illuminating beam, a detector, and a processor for forming an image based on a signal provided by the detector.

The present invention relates to a method for measuring the dielectric properties of a sample with a scanning probe microscope. In particular, the invention relates to highly-localized optical imaging and spectroscopy on a sample surface using an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe mechanically driven at two oscillation frequencies, referred to herein as active bimodal operation, and a modulated source of electromagnetic radiation.

A micro fabricated sensor for micro-mechanical and nano-mechanical testing and nano-indentation. The sensor includes a force sensing capacitive comb drive for the sensing of a force applied to a sample, a position sensing capacitive comb drive for the sensing of the position of a sample and a micro fabricated actuator to apply a load to the sample. All the sensor components mentioned above are monolithically integrated on the same silicon MEMS chip.

A method that includes controlling a contact parameter during a measurement of a dynamic property of a material that is a constituent of a sample by causing a probe to indent the sample until a stable value of a contact parameter has been achieved, during a fitting interval, exercising feedback control over the probe to maintain the value, and during a measurement interval, both causing the probe to oscillate towards and away from the material, and abandoning the feedback control over the probe.

Methods of fabricating single photon emitters (SPEs) including nanoindentation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) host materials and annealing thereof, devices formed from such methods, and chips with a single photon emitter. A substrate with a layer of hBN is provided. Nanoindentation is performed on the layer of hBN to produce an array of sub-micron indentations in the layer of hBN. The layer of hBN is annealed to activate SPEs near the indentations. Devices include a substrate with an SPE produced in accordance with the methods. Chips include a substrate, an hBN layer, and an SPE including an indentation on the hBN layer, in which the substrate is not damaged at the indentation.