A connection part which connects a terminal part and a processing part include an equalization resistor that is inserted into each main line and a 0-Ω resistor that is a short circuit line for short circuiting a main line of a first terminal and a main line of a second terminal. In the terminal part, the second terminal s unused, and a battery cell adjacent to a high-potential side of a stack bar is connected between the first terminal and a third terminal.

A calibration operation determines a resistance of a sense resistor in a POE system. A voltage measurement is taken with a first current flowing through the sense resistor. A second voltage measurement is taken with a second current flowing through the resistor. A resistance value of the sense resistor is determined based on a voltage difference between the first and second voltage measurements and a current difference between the first current and the second currents.

A current sensor for detecting a current based on a terminal voltage and a resistance value of a shunt resistor, includes: a resistance value correction circuit having: correction resistors; a signal application unit; a voltage detection unit that detects terminal voltages of the shunt resistor and a part of the correction resistors in a first period, and terminal voltages of all of the correction resistors in a second period; and a correction unit that corrects the resistance value for current detection based on a calculated resistance value of the shunt resistor. Resistance values and resistance accuracies of the correction resistors are higher as the plurality of correction resistors are disposed farther from the shunt resistor.

A current sensor of a detection target current using a shunt resistor includes: a resistance value correction circuit having: a correction resistor; a signal application unit that applies an alternating current signal to a series circuit of the shunt resistor and the correction resistor; a first voltage detection unit that detects the terminal voltage of the shunt resistor; a second voltage detection unit that detects a terminal voltage of the correction resistor; and a correction unit that calculates the resistance value of the shunt resistor based on a first voltage detection value by the first voltage detection unit and a second voltage detection value by the second voltage detection unit, and corrects the resistance value for current detection based on a calculated resistance value of the shunt resistor.

The disclosed apparatus and method is a closed loop system that obtains, stores and transfers motive energy. Preferably, the majority of the electricity generated is utilized to service a load or supplied to the grid. A portion of the electric power produced is used to recharge the batteries for subsequent use of the electric motor. The system controls and manages the battery power by controlling the charging and discharging of the battery reservoir via a series of electrical and mechanical innovations controlled by electronic instruction using a series of devices to analyze, optimize and perform power production and charging functions in sequence to achieve its purpose.

A circuit for a bus system. The circuit includes: a measuring circuit, which is configured to measure a first resistance value between two bus-side terminals of the circuit; an ascertainment circuit, which is configured to ascertain a second resistance value as a function of the first resistance value; and a resistive circuit, which is configured to set a resistor connectable between the two bus-side terminals to the second resistance value.

A current sensing method measures a fractional current through a coil having a plurality of coil windings by using a current sensing resistor to measure a current through a subset of the plurality of coil windings and using a voltage sensor to measure a voltage drop across the current sensing resistor. The measured current and voltage values are provided to a processor to determine the fractional current and phase of the coil. For example, the fractional current and phase of the coil may be determined by calculating a total current of the coil as I=n(V/Rx), where n is the number of coil windings of the coil, V is the measured voltage, and Rx is the impedance of the current sensing resistor. The coil may be a secondary winding used in a wireless power transfer system.

A battery module includes a first load terminal, a second load terminal, a first charger terminal, a charger enable terminal, and a battery having a first battery terminal coupled to the first load terminal and a second terminal coupled to the second load terminal. A first isolation device is coupled between the first load terminal and the first charger terminal and has an enable terminal coupled to the charger enable terminal. A first protection circuit includes a second isolation device coupled between the second battery terminal and the second load terminal and a first sensing circuit configured to enable the second isolation device responsive to detecting a failure of the first isolation device.

A current detector includes: a printed circuit board; and a resistor for detecting an electric current of the electrochemical device, wherein a connector having a first terminal is mounted on the printed circuit board, and the resistor has a second terminal which is brought into contact with the first terminal.

A current sensing device including: an insulating resin substrate; a current sensing element arranged in the resin substrate; a current wire provided via an insulating layer with respect to the current sensing element to flow a current through the current sensing element; a plurality of current vias connecting the current sensing element and the current wire through the insulating layer; and a voltage sensing via connected to the current sensing element to measure a voltage drop.