Methods and apparatus for detecting a magnitude of a voltage at a face of a conducted electrical weapon (CEW). The magnitude of the voltage may be used to determine whether a pulse of a stimulus signal was delivered to a target. Structures for detecting the magnitude of the voltage may include structures that provide a stimulus voltage.

The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for monitoring a capacitance-coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) in electrical communication with the electric power delivery system, the CCVT comprising a stack of capacitors and an electrical contact to a first ground connection. A first current transformer is disposed between the stack of capacitors and the first ground connection. The current transformer provides an electrical signal corresponding to a current associated with the CCVT. A second current transformer is disposed between a primary winding of a step-down transformer associated with the CCVT and a second ground connection. An intelligent electronic device (IED) in electrical communication with the current measurement devices monitors a ratio of magnitudes from the current transformers at a single frequency. The ratio is compared against an acceptable range. When the ratio exceeds the acceptable range, an alarm is generated.

The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for monitoring a capacitance-coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) in electrical communication with the electric power delivery system, the CCVT comprising a stack of capacitors and an electrical contact to a first ground connection. A first current transformer is disposed between the stack of capacitors and the first ground connection. The current transformer provides an electrical signal corresponding to a current associated with the CCVT. A second current transformer is disposed between a primary winding of a step-down transformer associated with the CCVT and a second ground connection. An intelligent electronic device (IED) in electrical communication with the current measurement devices monitors a ratio of magnitudes from the current transformers at a single frequency. The ratio is compared against an acceptable range. When the ratio exceeds the acceptable range, an alarm is generated.

A capacitive voltage sensor for estimating voltage on a power line. The sensor includes a dielectric bushing surrounding the line, and an annular conductor formed in the bushing and being capacitively coupled to the line, where a first capacitance is defined between the line and the annular conductor and a second capacitance is defined between the annular conductor and ground. The sensor also includes a capacitance compensation circuit having an amplifier including a first terminal electrical coupled to the annular conductor, and first and second capacitance compensation capacitors electrically coupled to the terminals of the amplifier, where the compensation capacitors are made of different materials having different dielectric constants, and where the materials of the compensation capacitors are selected so as to compensate for changes in the first and second capacitances in response to temperature changes. Also, a thermistor is provided in a resistor compensation circuit to provide resistance compensation.

A capacitive voltage sensor for estimating voltage on a power line. The sensor includes a dielectric bushing surrounding the line, and an annular conductor formed in the bushing and being capacitively coupled to the line, where a first capacitance is defined between the line and the annular conductor and a second capacitance is defined between the annular conductor and ground. The sensor also includes a capacitance compensation circuit having an amplifier including a first terminal electrical coupled to the annular conductor, and first and second capacitance compensation capacitors electrically coupled to the terminals of the amplifier, where the compensation capacitors are made of different materials having different dielectric constants, and where the materials of the compensation capacitors are selected so as to compensate for changes in the first and second capacitances in response to temperature changes. Also, a thermistor is provided in a resistor compensation circuit to provide resistance compensation.

The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for detecting traveling waves in electric power delivery systems. In one embodiment, a system comprises a capacitance-coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) in electrical communication with the electric power delivery system, the CCVT comprising a stack of capacitors and an electrical contact to a first ground connection. A current transformer is disposed between the stack of capacitors and the first ground connection. The current transformer provides an electrical signal corresponding to a current associated with the CCVT. An intelligent electronic device (IED) in electrical communication with the first current measurement device generates a voltage signal based on the electrical signal from the current transformer. The IED detects a traveling wave based on the first voltage signal; and analyzes the traveling wave to detect a fault on the electric power delivery system.

The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for detecting traveling waves in electric power delivery systems. In one embodiment, a system comprises a capacitance-coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) in electrical communication with the electric power delivery system, the CCVT comprising a stack of capacitors and an electrical contact to a first ground connection. A current transformer is disposed between the stack of capacitors and the first ground connection. The current transformer provides an electrical signal corresponding to a current associated with the CCVT. An intelligent electronic device (IED) in electrical communication with the first current measurement device generates a voltage signal based on the electrical signal from the current transformer. The IED detects a traveling wave based on the first voltage signal; and analyzes the traveling wave to detect a fault on the electric power delivery system.

A voltage sensor for a substrate processing system is provided. The voltage sensor includes a terminal, a first channel, and a second channel. The terminal connects to a pickup device of a substrate support in the substrate processing system. The first channel is configured to detect, at the pickup device, first radio frequency voltages in a first voltage range. The first channel includes a first voltage divider. The first voltage divider is connected to the terminal and is configured to output a first reduced voltage representative of a detected one of the first radio frequency voltages. The second channel is configured to detect, at the pickup device, second radio frequency voltages in a second voltage range. The second channel includes a second voltage divider. The second voltage divider is connected to the terminal and is configured to output a second reduced voltage representative of a detected one of the second radio frequency voltages. The second voltage range is different than the first voltage range.

A voltage sensor for a substrate processing system is provided. The voltage sensor includes a terminal, a first channel, and a second channel. The terminal connects to a pickup device of a substrate support in the substrate processing system. The first channel is configured to detect, at the pickup device, first radio frequency voltages in a first voltage range. The first channel includes a first voltage divider. The first voltage divider is connected to the terminal and is configured to output a first reduced voltage representative of a detected one of the first radio frequency voltages. The second channel is configured to detect, at the pickup device, second radio frequency voltages in a second voltage range. The second channel includes a second voltage divider. The second voltage divider is connected to the terminal and is configured to output a second reduced voltage representative of a detected one of the second radio frequency voltages. The second voltage range is different than the first voltage range.

There is provided an integrated loopback used for on-die self-test and diagnosis of transceiver faults. According to embodiments, there is provided an interface network including an AC coupling capacitor interposed between input pins of the interface network and an input of an amplifier, a shunt capacitor interposed between the AC coupling capacitor and the input of the amplifier and a selector. The selector includes a mission mode circuit component connected to a bottom plate of the shunt capacitor and the selector is configured to select between a first mode and a second mode, wherein the first mode is mission mode and the second mode is loopback mode, wherein in the second mode the mission mode circuit component forms at least part of a circuit that supplies a loopback signal.