Substrate coating systems and methods are disclosed. A substrate coating system comprises a deposition chamber enclosing at least a first electrode and a second electrode and a power supply coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode. The power supply is configured to apply a first voltage at the first electrode that alternates between positive and negative during each of multiple cycles to sputter target material from the electrodes onto a substrate positioned on the substrate support. A non-contact voltmeter is positioned above the substrate support to provide a sensor signal indicative of a voltage of a layer of the sputtered target material without mechanically contacting the layer, and a controller is configured to receive the sensor signal from the non-contact voltmeter and at least one of provide an alarm or adjust an application of power to the first and second electrodes in response to the signal.

A circuit for measurement of a voltage comprises a passive sensing element configured to be coupled between a measurement point and a reference point. The passive sensing element has a voltage-dependent impedance. Further, the circuit comprises an impedance detector and a reference circuit. The impedance detector is configured to detect the impedance of the passive sensing element by providing a probe signal to the passive sensing element and evaluating a response to the probe signal from the passive sensing element and a reference response from the reference circuit. Further, the circuit comprises a converter circuit configured to convert a result of evaluating the response and the reference response to a voltage level information.

A high-voltage test terminal includes a first conductor, a second conductor, and a primary insulator disposed between and coupled to the first and second conductors. A blade is movably connected to the second conductor. The blade is electrically and mechanically connected to the first conductor in a first position and electrically isolated and mechanically disconnected from the first conductor in a second position. A guard insulation layer is disposed between the primary insulator and the first conductor.

A method includes receiving an output signal from a conductive element configured within a dielectric material. The conductive element can have an input voltage applied thereto and the output signal can include a plurality of signal amplitudes indicative of electric charges discharged across a gap between the conductive element and the dielectric material in response to the applied input voltage. The method can also include determining charge characterization data and classifying a material and a geometry of the conductive element and/or the dielectric material. The classification can include an operational state of the conductive element and/or the dielectric material. Related systems, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer readable mediums are also described.

In one embodiment, a method of forming a semiconductor device may include forming a sense resistor to receive a high voltage signal and form a sense signal that is representative of the high voltage signal. An embodiment of the sense resistor may optionally be formed overlying a polysilicon resistor. The method may also have an embodiment that may include forming a plurality of capacitors in parallel to portions of the sense resistor wherein the plurality of capacitors are connected together in series.

An absence of voltage indicator has an isolation circuit, an FM modulator attached to the isolation circuit, a reference oscillator, and a mixer attached to the reference oscillator and the FM modulator, wherein the output of the mixer is the difference of the two signals. In one embodiment, the FM modulator includes a variable capacitor which varies in response to a voltage in parallel to a fixed capacitor and an inductor in parallel to the capacitors.

An electronic measuring device includes a main printed circuit assembly and one or more channel modules. At least one channel module includes a channel printed circuit board and a first insulating housing that defines a cavity covering at least part of electrical elements mounted on the channel printed circuit board. A first conductive shielding frame is placed on the first insulating housing and is separated from the channel printed circuit board by the first insulating housing. The first conductive shielding frame covers the electrical elements mounted on the channel printed circuit board. A second insulating housing sandwiches the first conductive shielding frame between the second insulating housing and the first insulating housing which lengthens an electrical path from the first conductive shielding frame to the channel printed circuit board.

A sensor assembly includes a connecting bar extending along a longitudinal axis and a tubular body extending along the longitudinal axis and at least partially surrounding the connecting bar such that the tubular body is radially spaced from the connecting bar. The tubular body includes a first skirt portion, a first plurality of cantilevered tabs extending from the first skirt portion in a first direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, a second skirt portion, and a second plurality of cantilevered tabs extending from the second skirt portion in a second direction opposite the first direction.

The disclosure provides a power tool, a detection circuit and a detection method of a load state thereof. The detection circuit of the power tool includes: a main control unit, a sampling resistor, a voltage sampling unit and an alarm display unit. The sampling resistor is arranged on a driving loop of a motor. The voltage sampling unit is used to sample a voltage across the sampling resistor. The alarm display unit is connected with the main control unit. The main control unit is configured to control the alarm display unit to execute a preset display state according to a voltage signal across the sampling resistor sampled by the voltage sampling unit.

A measuring arrangement for redundantly determining a quantitative value of a current flow includes a first and second current-measuring modules connected in parallel, where the first current-measuring module includes a first analogue input and a first current measurement resistor and a voltage-measuring unit to determine the value of current flowing into the analogue input and through the first current measurement resistor, the second current measuring module includes a second analogue input and a second current measurement resistor and a voltage-measuring unit to determine the value of current flowing into the second analogue input and through the second current measurement resistor, and includes a control unit that detects a gradual change in voltages determined by the voltage-measuring units, and when gradual changes in the voltages that are counter to each other occur, a current-measuring module is excluded from the determination of the quantitative value of the current flow.