The present invention relates to a current-sensor structure comprising a conductor for conducting electrical current in a current direction. The conductor has one or more conductor surfaces. At least one current sensor is disposed on, over, adjacent to or in contact with the conductor and is offset from a centre of the conductor in an offset direction orthogonal to the current direction and optionally parallel to a conductor surface. The current-sensor structure can comprise a substrate on which the conductor is disposed. The current sensor can be located on a side of the conductor opposite or orthogonal to a surface of the substrate. The current sensor can be aligned with, near to or adjacent to an edge of the conductor. The current-sensor structure can comprise a shield, such as a U-shaped laminated shield that at least partially surrounds the conductor and the current sensor.

An exit device according to one embodiment includes a plurality of sensors and an electronic dogging mechanism. The exit device is configured to locally analyze sensor data to determine the security state of the exit device, report data to a management system via a wireless communication channel established between the exit device and the management system, and receive and process instructions to perform an electronic dogging operation.

To improve cooling capability, power conversion apparatus 1 that converts a direct current voltage into an alternating current voltage includes: first substrate 100 on which power conversion circuit 2 is mounted; second substrate 200 on which driving circuit 3 that drives power conversion circuit 2 is mounted; and shield plate 300 that is disposed between first substrate 100 and second substrate 200, and first substrate 100 is a metal substrate.

A current-sensor structure comprises a conductor for conducting electrical current in a current direction. The conductor has one or more conductor surfaces and an edge. At least one current sensor is disposed on, over, adjacent to or in contact with the conductor and is offset from a centre of the conductor in an offset direction orthogonal to the current direction. The current sensor is aligned with the edge of the conductor or the conductor has a width W and the current sensor is within a distance of W/2.5, W/3, W/4, W/5 or W/6 of the conductor edge. The current-sensor structure can comprise a substrate on which the conductor is disposed.

A current detection device of an embodiment includes a conductor, a first magnetic field detector, a second magnetic field detector, and a conductive film. The conductor includes a first region, a second region, and a third region connecting an edge of the first region and an edge of the second region. The first magnetic field detector is disposed between the first and second regions. The second magnetic field detector is disposed opposite to the first magnetic field detector with respect to the third region. The conductive film is bonded to a conductor layer including a slit having a width larger than each of widths of magneto-sensitive parts of the first and second magnetic field detectors and covers the slit, the conductor layer being provided between the conductor and each of the first and second magnetic field detectors.

The application provides a closed loop current transformer, in which a hall element is positioned in a notch of a magnetic ring and is used for generating an induced voltage according to the magnetic field generated in the magnetic ring by current to be measured. A first compensating coil and a second compensating coil are wound on opposite sides of the magnetic ring in the same winding direction. An input end of the power amplifier circuit is connected with an output end of the hall element, and an output end is connected with the first compensating coil and the second compensating coil respectively. The other ends of the first compensating coil and the second compensating coil are respectively connected with a signal detection circuit, and an output end of the signal detection circuit is used as an output end of the closed loop current transform.

Two ferromagnetic elements are disclosed that delimit a region for an electrical conductor, in which a current intensity should be measured. Each ferromagnetic element has an end surface. The end surfaces of the two ferromagnetic elements face each other and delimit an air gap. A magnetic field sensor is arranged in the air gap or near the air gap. The region delimited by the ferromagnetic elements is open on a side opposite the air gap and can thus receive the electrical conductor. The current intensity is measured by means of a magnetic field measurement. The ferromagnetic elements can be, in particular, L-shaped.

Two ferromagnetic elements are disclosed that delimit a region for an electrical conductor, in which a current intensity should be measured. Each ferromagnetic element has an end surface. The end surfaces of the two ferromagnetic elements face each other and delimit an air gap. A magnetic field sensor is arranged in the air gap or near the air gap. The region delimited by the ferromagnetic elements is open on a side opposite the air gap and can thus receive the electrical conductor. The current intensity is measured by means of a magnetic field measurement. The ferromagnetic elements can be, in particular, L-shaped.

An electromagnetic field sensor includes a conductor plate, a signal output terminal to output a potential difference between the conductor plate and the signal output terminal, and a linear conductor including a first end electrically connected to a plate face of the conductor plate and a second end opposite to the first end and provided with a signal output terminal. The electromagnetic field sensor includes a loop plane that is formed by the conductor plate and the linear conductor and orthogonal to a plate face of the conductor plate when viewed from the side.

An electromagnetic field sensor includes a conductor plate, a signal output terminal to output a potential difference between the conductor plate and the signal output terminal, and a linear conductor including a first end electrically connected to a plate face of the conductor plate and a second end opposite to the first end and provided with a signal output terminal. The electromagnetic field sensor includes a loop plane that is formed by the conductor plate and the linear conductor and orthogonal to a plate face of the conductor plate when viewed from the side.