A pre-driving stage drives one or more Field Effect Transistors in a power stage driving a load. A method for measuring current flowing in the Field Effect Transistors includes: measuring drain to source voltages of the one or more Field Effect Transistor; and measuring an operating temperature of the one or more Field Effect Transistor. The current flowing in the Field Effect Transistors is measured by: calculating the respective on drain to source resistance at the operating temperature as a function of the measured operating temperature and obtaining the current value as a ratio of the respective measured drain to source voltage over the calculated drain to source resistance at the operating temperature.

A pre-driving stage drives one or more Field Effect Transistors in a power stage driving a load. A method for measuring current flowing in the Field Effect Transistors includes: measuring drain to source voltages of the one or more Field Effect Transistor; and measuring an operating temperature of the one or more Field Effect Transistor. The current flowing in the Field Effect Transistors is measured by: calculating the respective on drain to source resistance at the operating temperature as a function of the measured operating temperature and obtaining the current value as a ratio of the respective measured drain to source voltage over the calculated drain to source resistance at the operating temperature.

A sensing device includes a micro-electromechanical sensor, a source follower and an amplifier. The source follower includes a first output module including a first transistor and a second transistor. The micro-electromechanical sensor is configured to generate an input signal. A first terminal of the first transistor is configured to receive a first reference voltage. A second terminal and a control of the first transistor are electrically connected to the first output terminal and to a first current source respectively. A first terminal and a second terminal of the second transistor are electrically connected to the second terminal and the control terminal of the first transistor respectively. A control terminal of the second transistor is configured to receive the input signal. A first input terminal and a second input terminal of the amplifier are electrically connected to a first output terminal configured to receive a common-mode voltage respectively.

A sensing device includes a micro-electromechanical sensor, a source follower and an amplifier. The source follower includes a first output module including a first transistor and a second transistor. The micro-electromechanical sensor is configured to generate an input signal. A first terminal of the first transistor is configured to receive a first reference voltage. A second terminal and a control of the first transistor are electrically connected to the first output terminal and to a first current source respectively. A first terminal and a second terminal of the second transistor are electrically connected to the second terminal and the control terminal of the first transistor respectively. A control terminal of the second transistor is configured to receive the input signal. A first input terminal and a second input terminal of the amplifier are electrically connected to a first output terminal configured to receive a common-mode voltage respectively.

The disclosure features living object detectors for a wireless energy transfer systems that include a sensor featuring a first conductor positioned adjacent to a first surface of a substrate, a shield featuring a second conductor different from the first conductor, where at least a portion of the second conductor is positioned proximal to the first conductor and adjacent to the first surface of the substrate, a ground reference featuring a third conductor spaced from the substrate and positioned on a side of the substrate opposite to the first surface, and an electrical circuit coupled to the first, second and third conductors and configured so that during operation of the living object detector, the electrical circuit applies a first electrical potential to the first conductor and a second electrical potential to the second conductor, the first and second electrical potentials being approximately similar.

The disclosure features living object detectors for a wireless energy transfer systems that include a sensor featuring a first conductor positioned adjacent to a first surface of a substrate, a shield featuring a second conductor different from the first conductor, where at least a portion of the second conductor is positioned proximal to the first conductor and adjacent to the first surface of the substrate, a ground reference featuring a third conductor spaced from the substrate and positioned on a side of the substrate opposite to the first surface, and an electrical circuit coupled to the first, second and third conductors and configured so that during operation of the living object detector, the electrical circuit applies a first electrical potential to the first conductor and a second electrical potential to the second conductor, the first and second electrical potentials being approximately similar.

A control device for an AC rotary machine includes an AC rotary machine having m sets of n-phase windings, a current detector, a power converter, and a control unit that calculates voltage commands on the basis of respective differences between a current command for the AC rotary machine and current detection values obtained by the current detector, and outputs ON/OFF signals to high potential side switching elements and low potential side switching elements of the power converter by comparing applied voltages calculated on the basis of the voltage commands with a carrier wave signal, wherein the current detector, when detecting currents flowing through the n-phase windings on the basis of currents flowing through current detection resistance elements that are inserted in series into the low potential side switching elements, obtains current detection values at two or more fixed timings over a single period of the carrier wave signal.

A control device for an AC rotary machine includes an AC rotary machine having m sets of n-phase windings, a current detector, a power converter, and a control unit that calculates voltage commands on the basis of respective differences between a current command for the AC rotary machine and current detection values obtained by the current detector, and outputs ON/OFF signals to high potential side switching elements and low potential side switching elements of the power converter by comparing applied voltages calculated on the basis of the voltage commands with a carrier wave signal, wherein the current detector, when detecting currents flowing through the n-phase windings on the basis of currents flowing through current detection resistance elements that are inserted in series into the low potential side switching elements, obtains current detection values at two or more fixed timings over a single period of the carrier wave signal.

In an example, a device includes a controller and a direct current (DC)-to-DC converter coupled to the controller and configured to provide a load current to a load. The device also includes a low-dropout (LDO) regulator coupled to the DC-to-DC converter. The controller includes digital logic, and the digital logic is configured to determine the load current. The digital logic is configured to turn on the LDO regulator if the load current is above a predetermined threshold. The digital logic is also configured to turn off the LDO regulator if the load current is below the predetermined threshold.

In an example, a device includes a controller and a direct current (DC)-to-DC converter coupled to the controller and configured to provide a load current to a load. The device also includes a low-dropout (LDO) regulator coupled to the DC-to-DC converter. The controller includes digital logic, and the digital logic is configured to determine the load current. The digital logic is configured to turn on the LDO regulator if the load current is above a predetermined threshold. The digital logic is also configured to turn off the LDO regulator if the load current is below the predetermined threshold.