A diagnostic system configured to detect a stator winding fault in an electrical machine comprising a plurality of stator windings is provided. The diagnostic system includes a processor programmed to receive measurements of three-phase voltages and currents provided to the electrical machine, compute positive, negative, and zero sequence components of voltage and current from the three-phase voltages and currents, and identify a noise factor contribution and a stator fault contribution to the negative sequence voltage by performing a two-step initialization algorithm comprising a modified recursive least square (RLS) method, the noise factor contribution comprising unbalance in the electrical machine resulting from one or more of positive sequence current, negative sequence current, and positive sequence voltage. The processor is still further programmed to detect a stator fault in the electrical machine based on the stator fault contribution to the negative sequence voltage.

A system for measuring current includes a conductive trace comprising N substantially parallel straight sections having a substantially constant cross-section, N4. Adjacent substantially straight sections are spaced apart by a given distance and each pair of adjacent straight sections is connected by a respective loop of the current trace such that current in odd-numbered straight sections flows in a first direction and current in even-numbered straight sections flows in an opposite direction. The N magnetic field based current sensors are each positioned on a respective straight section of the conductive trace. The current is calculated based on $\frac{\begin{array}{c}(S\left(1\right)-\left(\begin{array}{c}N-1\\ 1\end{array}\right)S\left(2\right)+\left(\begin{array}{c}N-1\\ 2\end{array}\right)\end{array}}{}$

The disclosure relates to a lock-in amplifier comprising a plurality of channels (CH.sub.1-CH.sub.N), wherein each channel of the plurality of channels (CH.sub.1-CH.sub.N) is configured to receive an input signal (S.sub.in1-S.sub.inN) and generate at least one output signal (S.sub.out1-S.sub.outN), a synchronization unit (110) configured to synchronize the generated output signals (S.sub.out1-S.sub.outN) of the plurality of channels (CH.sub.1-CH.sub.N), an aggregation module (150) configured to receive the generated output signals (S.sub.out1-S.sub.outN) and generate an aggregated signal (S.sub.agg) based on the generated output signals (S.sub.out1-S.sub.outN).

Provided are apparatuses and methods, in which a disturbed measurement variable is converted to a digital signal. The digital signal is then averaged over a number of sampling values which corresponds to a period of the disturbances.

A device for detecting signal pulses in an analogue measurement signal of a particle counter is disclosed. The device includes an AD converter and an evaluation unit, wherein the evaluation unit includes a slope evaluation unit, which determines signal pulses by evaluating the pulses between adjacent samples in the digital data stream of the AD converter in real time.

In a rotary electrical machine control apparatus, a selection section selects a relay current limiting value or a coil current limiting value depending on whether a plurality of systems are operated or one or more but not all of the plurality of systems are operated. The system is a combination of a winding set, an inverter, and a power supply relay, which correspond to each other. The relay current limiting value is a current limiting value calculated based on the temperature of the power supply relay. The coil current limiting value is a current limiting value calculated based on the temperature of a choke coil.

The present invention relates to a battery management system, an energy storage device, and a battery system for removing noise in Controller Area Network (CAN) communication, and the battery management system is for managing a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells connected in series, the battery management system including: a variable capacitor which is connected between a Controller Area Network (CAN) communication line and a ground and in which capacitance corresponding to a level of received voltage is accommodated; a switching unit including a plurality of resistors connected between an external power source and the ground and a plurality of switches electrically connecting each of the plurality of resistors and the variable capacitor; and a control unit for controlling the switching unit so that a voltage of the external power source is transmitted to the variable capacitor.

Techniques for AC input signal detection, whereby a method for AC input signal detection may include: sampling an input signal at a sampling rate, where the input signal is based on an AC signal; comparing the input signal with a threshold signal, determining a first value in case the input signal is larger than the threshold signal; determining at least one second value in case the input signal is smaller than the threshold signal; increasing the sampling rate in case a predefined number of consecutive first values is determined; and decreasing the sampling rate in case the at least one second value is determined.

A current detection circuit includes a first resistor and a second resistor identical in current path and equal in resistance value, a first and second signal transmission units which transmit respectively a signal representing the potential of the first resistor, a third and fourth signal transmission units which transmit respectively a signal representing the potential of the second resistor, a first difference operation unit which calculates the difference between the respective signals from the first and second signal transmission units, a second difference operation unit which calculates the difference between the respective signals from the third and fourth signal transmission units, and a summing unit which sums the signals output from the first and second difference operation units. The first signal transmission unit and the fourth signal transmission unit, and the second signal transmission unit and the third signal transmission unit are disposed in proximity to each other.

A voltage sensor housing includes a top portion including a conductive top portion composed of conductive material and non-conductive top portions composed of non-conductive material, a bottom portion composed of non-conductive material, side portions composed of non-conductive material, wherein the top portion the bottom portion and the side portions define an interior area structured to hold a voltage sensor, and conductive side portions composed of conductive material and being disposed adjacent to the side portions. The conductive top portion is electrically floating and the conductive side portions are electrically grounded.