To accurately detect the presence or absence of a signal. A signal detector includes an input-signal amplifying circuit, a reference-signal amplifying circuit, and a comparator. In the signal detector, the input-signal amplifying circuit amplifies an input signal with a predetermined gain. The reference-signal amplifying circuit amplifies a reference signal at a constant signal-level with a gain that substantially matches the predetermined gain. The comparator compares a signal level of the amplified input signal with a signal level of the amplified reference signal, and outputs the comparison result as a detection signal.

Disclosed herein are integrated current sensors and methods for sensing and measuring current consumption of electronic devices. The electronic device can comprise: a plurality of layers within a power delivery network of the device, each tile comprising circuitry for performing one or more functions; a plurality of probes, each probe having a pair of inputs connected to portions of one or more layers having a voltage drop, wherein each probe is configured to convert a respective differential voltage to a representative current passing through the one or more layers; a capacitor that is configured to integrate the respective currents passing through the one or more layers to an integrated voltage; and a converter that is configured to generate a measure of current consumed by the device based on the integrated voltage.

A signal processing method includes the steps of: receiving, by a first measurement circuit, an analog measurement signal from a device under test; digitizing, by the first measurement circuit, the analog measurement signal, thereby obtaining a digital measurement signal; removing, by a first noise reduction circuit, noise from the digital measurement signal, thereby obtaining a noise-corrected measurement signal; receiving, by a second measurement circuit, an analog reference signal, wherein the device under test generates the analog measurement signal based on the analog reference signal; digitizing, by the second measurement circuit, the analog reference signal, thereby obtaining a digital reference signal; removing, by a second noise reduction circuit, noise from the digital reference signal, thereby obtaining a noise-corrected reference signal; and determining, by a subtraction circuit, a digital difference signal based on the noise-corrected measurement signal and based on the noise-corrected reference signal. Further, a measurement system is described.

A method for measuring current in a conductor, a current measurement circuit, and a power converter with a current measurement circuit are disclosed. The method includes measuring a current (IL) in a conductor in successive measurement cycles using a current measurement circuit (2). Measuring the current (IL), in each measurement cycle, comprises adjusting a start measurement value of the measurement circuit (2) based on a measurement value obtained in a preceding measurement cycle.

A measurement individual difference correction system for measuring voltage to ground includes a cable comprising a conductor, a floor panel provided on a floor and comprising a conductor, an oscillation circuit connected between the cable and the floor panel, and configured to output a signal, a voltage-to-ground measurement device comprising an upper electrode and a lower electrode positioned apart from each other, and configured to measure voltage between the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and a computation device in communication with the voltage-to-ground measurement device, in which the computation device calculates combined impedance of electrostatic capacity between the user and the cable, impedance of the user, and electrostatic capacity between the user and the upper electrode, by using voltage of the signal output from the oscillation circuit and the voltage between the upper electrode and the lower electrode measured by the voltage-to-ground measurement device.

A method, apparatus, and energy metering system obtains mains samples of a mains power line signal, performs non-white noise (NWN) filtering of the mains power line signal, obtains adjustable clock source samples of an adjustable clock signal of an adjustable clock oscillator, determines a difference based on the mains samples and the adjustable clock source samples, adjusts an adjustable clock source frequency of the adjustable clock oscillator based on the difference, and applies the adjustable clock source frequency to an analog to digital converter (ADC) to determine a conversion rate of the ADC.

A battery state estimating apparatus and method that adds system noise to a recursive filter and corrects parameters used in an extended Kalman filter in consideration of an offset and variance of a current sensor and a voltage sensor.

A measuring apparatus is provided for electrical signals. The measuring apparatus includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter configured to A/D-convert an analog signal to be measured, and an integrator configured to perform integration time processing for a plurality of digital values output from the A/D converter based on an integration time. The integrator is configured to output a plurality of measured values obtained by the integration time processing. A noise level calculation unit is configured to calculate a noise level of the analog signal to be measured from the plurality of measured values obtained by the integration time processing, and a display unit is configured to display noise levels corresponding to a plurality of integration times.

An improved measurement system may include a source measure unit (SMU) capable of performing accurate low-level current measurements. Based on an SMU design that provides a controlled DC voltage source with precision current limiting and a controlled 0V (zero Volt) DC at the measurement terminal, an AC design may be implemented to establish the same (or very similar) conditions over a specified frequency range. Instead of controlling each digital-to-analog converter (DAC) at respective source terminals of the SMU as a respective DC output, each DAC may be controlled as a respective function generator with programmable frequency and continuously variable phase and amplitude. Off-the-shelf pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) may be used to monitor voltage, current and the voltage at the measurement terminal, and a Fourier transform may be used to obtain both the amplitude and relative phase measurements to be provided to respective control loops.

Provided are apparatuses and methods, in which a disturbed measurement variable is converted to a digital signal. The digital signal is then averaged over a number of sampling values which corresponds to a period of the disturbances.